初中生贫困心态影响跨期决策的机制——自我控制的作用

The Mechanism of Junior High-school Students'Poverty Mindset Affecting Intertemporal Choice:The Role of Self-control

目的:通过两个研究探讨状态和特质自我控制在初中生贫困心态影响跨期决策中的作用机制。方法:研究一启动贫困心态,测量被试的状态自我控制,分析状态自我控制在贫困心态影响跨期决策中的中介作用。研究二采用2(特质自我控制:高、低)×2(贫困心态:启动、未启动)两因素设计,探讨特质自我控制的调节作用。结果:(1)状态自我控制在贫困心态与跨期决策之间起部分中介作用,贫困心态损耗初中生的自我控制资源,导致其更偏好较小的立即收益。(2)特质自我控制在贫困心态影响跨期决策中发挥调节作用,贫困心态使低自我控制初中生在跨期决策中变得更短视,对高自我控制者影响不显著。结论:初中生自身形成的自我控制能力能有效补偿贫困心态损耗的自我控制资源,避免其短视倾向。

Objective:To investigate the role of state and trait self-control in the influence of poverty mindset on intertemporal decision making.Methods:In study 1,half of the subjects were randomly selected to activate poverty mindset.Then both groups completed the state control measurement,and finally completed the intertemporal decision task.In the second study,two factors of 2(trait self-control level:high,low)×2(poverty mindset:activated,not activated)experimental design were adopted.Results:(1)State self-control played a partial mediating role between poverty mindset and intertemporal decision making.Poverty mindset depleted junior high-school students'self-control resources,and then leaded them to prefer less immediate benefits when facing long-term interest choices(Study 1).(2)Trait self-control played a regulating role in the process of poverty mindset affecting individuals'intertemporal decision making.Poverty mindset made subjects with low self-control become more short-sighted in intertemporal decision making,but had no significant effect on subjects with high self-control(study 2).Conclusion:The self-control ability of junior high-school students can effectively compensate the self-control resources consumed by poor mindset and avoid their short-sighted tendency.