非学科类校外培训能让儿童更好适应学校生活吗——基于非认知能力的中介效应分析

Can Non-Academic Extra-curricular Tutoring Improve Chinese Children's School Adaptation:An Analysis on the Mediating Effect of Non-cognitive Ability

“双减”背景下探究非学科校外培训对儿童学校适应的影响有助于社会对非学科培训进行更加合理科学的判断与选择。基于中国教育追踪调查数据,使用固定效应模型考察非学科培训与学校适应的关系,结果表明:参与非学科校外培训对学校适应具有显著正向影响,且具有稳健性;异质性分析发现,非学科校外培训对非流动儿童、家境较好儿童以及成绩中等以下的儿童具有显著正向影响,对流动儿童、家境较差儿童以及成绩较好的儿童没有显著影响;非学科校外培训会通过非认知能力中的亲和性、外向性和开放性来改善儿童的学校适应状况。家长可以根据子女实际状况和兴趣为他们选择兴趣班,校外教育机构需要为有特殊家庭背景的儿童提供定制化服务项目,政府则要引导学校与校外非学科教育在课后服务领域开展深层次合作,以缩小在非学科培训和课后服务上造成的不平等。

Investigating the impact of non-academic external tutoring on children's school adaptation in the context of the“Double Reduction”policy helps people make more reasonable and scientific judgments and choices regarding non-academic external tutoring.Based on data from the China Education Panel Survey and using a fixed effects model to examine the relationship between non-academic external tutoring and school adaptation,the results indicate that participation in non-academic external tutoring has a significant positive impact on school adaptation,and this effect is robust.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that non-academic external tutoring has a significant positive impact on non-migrant children,the children from well-offamilies,and those ones with below-average academic performance,while it has no significant impact on migrant children,the children from less advantaged families,and the children with above-average academic performance.Non-academic external tutoring improves children's school adaptation through non-cognitive abilities such as agreeableness,extraversion and openness.Parents can enroll their children in interest classes based on their actual circumstances and interests.Extracurricular education institutions need to provide customized services for the children with special family backgrounds,and the government should guide schools and non-academic external tutoring education to conduct in-depth cooperation in the field of after-school services to reduce inequalities in non-academic external tutoring and after-school services.