经导管射频去肾神经术治疗难治性高血压的远期临床结果

Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Renal Denervation for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension

目的:评估经导管射频去肾神经术(RDN)治疗难治性高血压的远期临床结果。方法:连续纳入2012年2月至2019年11月在中国医学科学院阜外医院接受经股动脉路径RDN治疗的58例难治性高血压患者,于术后1、3、6、12个月和随后每年进行随访,于2023年6月进行末次随访。记录基线数据及术后随访的诊室血压、24小时平均血压和心率、降压药物种类和负荷、肾功能及主要不良事件(包括肾动脉狭窄、急性心肌梗死、脑卒中、心血管死亡及全因死亡)等数据。RDN对10年心脑血管事件的影响采用Framingham风险评估模型和国人风险评估模型。结果:共入选58例患者,随访期间1例(1.72%)因肺癌死亡,末次随访到41例(70.69%)。41例患者平均随访(10.21±1.75)年。与基线相比,末次随访诊室收缩压/舒张压下降(12.59±21.65)/(9.87±14.27)mmHg(P<0.01,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),24小时平均收缩压/舒张压下降(11.28±15.33)/(7.94±12.29)mmHg(P<0.01),24小时平均心率下降(2.45±9.46)次/min(P>0.05),降压药种类减少(1.17±2.25)种(P<0.01),降压药物每日负荷剂量降低1.45±2.37(P<0.001),估算肾小球滤过率下降(6.83±18.37)ml/(min·1.73 m^(2))(P<0.05)。RDN对10年心血管事件及脑卒中风险的影响:采用Framingham风险评估,绝对风险分别下降14.25%和2.12%;采用国人心脑血管风险评估,绝对风险分别下降5.72%和17.46%。结论:经导管射频RDN可长期显著降低难治性高血压患者的血压水平,有望进一步降低心脑血管事件发生风险。

Objectives:To investigate long-term clinical outcomes of renal denervation(RDN)for the treatment of resistant hypertension.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 58 patients with resistant hypertension who received RDN treatment via femoral artery approach at Fuwai Hospital between February 2012 and November 2019.Follow up was performed at 1,3,6 months,1 year,and annually after RDN,and the last follow-up was June 2023.The baseline data and postoperative followup data including office blood pressure,24-hour mean blood pressure and heart rate,types and load of antihypertensive drugs,renal function,and major adverse events(including renal artery stenosis,acute myocardial infarction,stroke,cardiovascular death,and all-cause death)were obtained and analyzed.The impact of RDN on 10-year cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events was evaluated using the Framingham risk assessment model and the Chinese model.Results:A total of 58 patients were enrolled,with 1 patient(1.72%)died from lung cancer.Forty-one patients(70.69%)were visited in the last follow-up and the average follow-up time was(10.21±1.75)years.Compared with baseline,the office systolic/diastolic blood pressure was decreased by(12.59±21.65)/(9.87±14.27)mmHg(P<0.01,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),24-hour mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure reduced by(11.28±15.33)/(7.94±12.29)mmHg(P<0.01),24-hour mean heart rate reduced by(2.45±9.46)bpm(P>0.05),the types of antihypertensive drugs decreased by 1.17±2.25(P<0.01),the drug load reduced by 1.45±2.37(P<0.001),and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased by(6.83±18.37)ml/(min•1.73 m^(2))(P<0.05)at the last follow-up.The impact of RDN on 10-year cardiovascular events and stroke risk was as follows:Framingham risk assessment showed an absolute risk decrease of 14.25%and 2.12%,respectively,and decreased by 5.72%and 17.46%using the Chinese cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk assessment.Conclusions:This study showed that RDN could significantly reduce blood pressure levels in patients with resistant hypertension in the long-term follow up,and was expected to further reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks.