中国海洋自然资源调查现状与展望

Current status and prospects of marine natural resource survey in China

海洋自然资源是国民经济和社会发展的重要保障,也是海洋强国建设和生态文明建设的必要基础。为全力支撑自然资源部履行“两统一”职责(统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责和统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责),中国地质调查局组织实施海洋自然资源综合调查评价,开展我国重点海域海洋自然资源综合调查与评价试点示范。基于我国已开展的海洋自然资源相关的综合性调查评价数据资料,结合我国重点海域海洋地质、海洋生物、物理海洋等补充调查评价结果,基本查明了我国海洋矿产、海洋能、海洋生物、海洋空间等海洋自然资源的主要特征;通过梳理总结国内外自然资源体系研究进展,基于我国基本国情,以自然资源科学和地球系统科学理论为指导,面向自然资源综合管理为基本原则,结合资源自然属性和国家相关法律法规,初步提出了涉及多学科、多门类的海洋自然资源三级分类体系,从分类体系、空间分层、工作流程等不同角度,提出了3种构建海洋自然资源调查标准体系的方法。下一步,将大力加强地质科技创新能力,加快构建动态海洋自然资源数据库,快速提升海洋自然资源公益服务水平,进一步完善海洋自然资源综合监测体系,推动海洋自然资源工作高质量发展。

Marine natural resources are an important guarantee for the national economy and social development,as well as a necessary foundation for the construction of maritime power and ecological civilization.In order to fully support the Ministry of Natural Resources in fulfilling its“two unifications”responsibilities,China Geological Survey has organized and implemented comprehensive surveys and evaluations of marine natural resources.And pilot demonstrations have been conducted for the comprehensive survey and evaluation of marine natural resources in key marine areas of China.Based on the marine natural resources comprehensive survey and evaluation data,and the additional investigation and evaluation results of marine geology,marine biology,physical oceanography,the authors identified the main characteristics of marine mineral resources,marine energy,marine biology,marine space,and other marine natural resources in China.By reviewing and summarizing the research progress of domestic and international natural resource systems,and based on the basic national conditions of China,the authors proposed a preliminary three-level classification system for marine natural resources involving multiple disciplines and categories.This classification system was guided by the theories of natural resource science and earth system science,in conjuction with the basic principle of comprehensive natural resource management,and with the natural attributes of resources and relevant national laws and regulations.Three methods for constructing standard systems for marine natural resource surveys have been proposed,from different perspectives such as classification systems,spatial stratification,and workflow.In the next step,efforts will be made to strengthen geological scientific and technological innovation capabilities,and accelerate the construction of a dynamic marine natural resource database.The public service level for marine natural resources will be rapidly improved,and the comprehensive monitoring system for marine natural resources will be further enhanced,promoting the high-quality development of marine natural resource work.