制度环境如何影响技术创新——以技术周期为视角的考察

How the Institutional Environment Affects Technological Innovation:Examination from the Perspective of Technological Cycle

中国不同所有制混合的产业体系能为技术创新提供何种制度优势?中国国企和民企所处制度环境在治理模式、金融关系、劳资关系、组织网络等方面均不同。不同的制度环境塑造出企业不同的创新优势:国有体制更有利于塑造企业追求长期目标、获得耐心资本、实现稳定的雇佣关系与组织网络的能力,因此国企在“长周期技术”产业创新方面更具优势;民营体制则更有利于塑造企业的市场反应与组织调整能力,因此民企在“短周期技术”产业创新方面更具优势。所以,中国产业体系中国企与民企是互补的,双方基于各自优势,展开多样的产业布局,追求不同领域的技术创新,从而展现不同于西方发达国家的创新制度优势。多样且互补的产业创新体系既是中国式现代化的重要特色,也能为广大后发展国家提供创新发展的路径借鉴。

What institutional advantages can China's mixed ownership industrial system provide for technological innovation? The institutional environment in which state-owned enterprises and private enterprises operate is different in terms of governance structure,financial relations,labor relations,organizational networks.Different institutional environments shape different innovation advantages for enterprises.The state-owned enterprises usually can pursue long-term goals,own patient capital,and have stable employment and coordination networks,and thus have more advantages in the innovations in “long-cycle technology”.In contrast,private enterprises are usually more responsive to market and more flexible in adjusting its production networks,and thus have more advantages in the innovations in “short-cycle technology”.Therefore,the Chinese-styled innovation system with state-owned and private enterprises,provides a unique advantage in full-range technological innovations,which embodies a different path of modernization.