全凭静脉麻醉对心脏封堵术患者昼夜节律的影响

Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Circadian Rhythms in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Transcatheter Closure

目的评估全凭静脉麻醉对非体外循环心脏封堵手术患者昼夜节律的影响。方法择期静脉麻醉下心脏封堵术的患者30例,采用自身配对t检验比较麻醉前后生物钟基因时钟节律调节分子(CLOCK)、脑肌类芳烃受体核转位样蛋白1(BMAL1)、隐花色素生物钟(CRY)1、周期昼夜节律生物钟(PER)2 mRNA的表达水平,慕尼黑时间类型问卷(MCTQ)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)的差异;多元逐步回归方法筛选术后1周睡眠时型和PSQI总分的影响因素。结果与术前比较,术后CLOCK mRNA表达水平明显增加[1.38±1.23比1.90±1.47;MD(95%CI):0.52(0.20~0.84),t=3.327,P=0.002];CRY1 mRNA表达水平明显下降[1.56±1.50比1.13±0.98;MD(95%CI):-0.43(-0.81~-0.05),t=-2.319,P=0.028];PER2 mRNA表达水平明显下降[0.82±0.63比0.50±0.31;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.53~-0.12),t=-3.202,P=0.003]。术后1周睡眠时型明显提前[3∶03±0∶59比2∶42±0∶37,MD(95%CI):-21(-40~-1),t=-2.172,P=0.038],睡眠潜伏期明显缩短[(67±64)min比(37±21)min;MD(95%CI):-30.33(-55.28~-5.39),t=-2.487,P=0.019],睡眠时长明显延长[(436±83)min比(499±83)min;MD(95%CI):62.80(26.93~98.67),t=3.581,P=0.001],睡眠效率明显增加[(87.59±10.35)%比(92.98±4.27)%;MD(95%CI):5.39(1.21~9.58),t=2.636,P=0.013],睡眠质量评分明显下降[1.13±0.78比0.80±0.71,MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.62~-0.05),t=-2.408,P=0.023]。术后1周PSQI总分明显下降[6.60±3.17比4.03±2.58;MD(95%CI):-2.57(-3.87~-1.27),t=-4.039,P<0.001]。体重指数(BMI)(B=-227.460,SE=95.475,t=-2.382,P=0.025)、麻醉时长(B=-47.079,SE=18.506,t=-2.544,P=0.017)与PER2 mRNA表达量(B=2815.804,SE=1080.183,t=2.607,P=0.015)共同影响术后1周睡眠时型,麻醉用药量(B=0.067,SE=0.028,t=2.385,P=0.024)独立影响术后1周PSQI总分。结论全凭静脉麻醉可通过提前睡眠时型发挥改善睡眠习惯的作用。BMI、麻醉时长、PER2 mRNA表达量共同影响术后1周睡眠时型。麻醉用药量是术后1周PSQI总分的独立影响因素。

Objective To evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia on the circadian rhythms in the patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure.Methods Thirty patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure under elective intravenous anesthesia were included in this study.Paired t-tests were performed to compare the mRNA levels of the genes encoding circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(CLOCK),brain and muscle ARNT-1 like protein-1(BMAL1),cryptochrome 1(CRY1),and period circadian clock 2(PER2),the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire(MCTQ)score,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score before and after anesthesia.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed to screen the factors influencing sleep chronotype and PSQI total score one week after surgery.Results The postoperative mRNA level of CLOCK was higher[1.38±1.23 vs.1.90±1.47;MD(95%CI):0.52(0.20-0.84),t=3.327,P=0.002]and the postoperative mRNA levels of CRY1[1.56±1.50 vs.1.13±0.98;MD(95%CI):-0.43(-0.81--0.05),t=-2.319,P=0.028]and PER2[0.82±0.63 vs.0.50±0.31;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.53--0.12),t=-3.202,P=0.003]were lower than the preoperative levels.One week after surgery,the patients presented advanced sleep chronotype[3∶03±0∶59 vs.2∶42±0∶37;MD(95%CI):-21(-40--1),t=-2.172,P=0.038],shortened sleep latency[(67±64)min vs.(37±21)min;MD(95%CI):-30.33(-55.28--5.39),t=-2.487,P=0.019],lengthened sleep duration[(436±83)min vs.(499±83)min;MD(95%CI):62.80(26.93-98.67),t=3.581,P=0.001],increased sleep efficiency[(87.59±10.35)%vs.(92.98±4.27)%;MD(95%CI):5.39(1.21-9.58),t=2.636,P=0.013],decreased sleep quality score[1.13±0.78 vs.0.80±0.71;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.62--0.05),t=-2.408,P=0.023],and declined PSQI total score[6.60±3.17 vs.4.03±2.58;MD(95%CI):-2.57(-3.87--1.27),t=-4.039,P<0.001].Body mass index(BMI)(B=-227.460,SE=95.475,t=-2.382,P=0.025),anesthesia duration(B=-47.079,SE=18.506,t=-2.544,P=0.017),and mRNA level of PER2(B=2815.804,SE=1080.183,t=2.607,P=0.015)collectively influenced the sleep chronotype,and the amount of anesthesia medicine(B=0.067,SE=0.028,t=2.385,P=0.024)independently influenced the PSQI one week after surgery.Conclusions Total intravenous anesthesia can improve sleep habits by advancing sleep chronotype.BMI,anesthesia duration,and mRNA level of PER2 collectively influence sleep chronotype one week after surgery.The amount of anesthesia medicine independently influences the PSQI total score one week after surgery.