政府数据开放对新质生产力的影响及其作用机制研究

Study on the Impact and its Mechanism of Open Government Data on New Quality Productivity

数据是新质生产力的核心生产要素,而政府数据开放是实现数据要素市场化配置的重要抓手。基于2010-2022年省际面板数据,运用多期双重差分法,以我国地方政府推动数据开放平台上线为准自然实验,检验政府数据开放是否促进了新质生产力水平提升。研究发现,政府数据开放使得所在省份整体新质生产力水平提升了约2.5%。机制分析表明,该影响具有双元创新效应、降本增效效应、产业升级效应这三种中介机制。异质性分析表明,对于中西部地区、营商环境较差以及人力资本水平较低的地区,政府数据开放对新质生产力水平的提升并不显著,凸显了较大程度的区域不均衡,为政府数据开放进程中深化数据资源体系建设、激发数据要素潜能、推进新质生产力发展提供了一定的政策启示。

Data is the core production factor of new quality productivity,and government data openness is the key to realize the market allocation of data factors.Based on the 2010-2022 inter-provincial panel data,using the multi-period differences-in-differences method,the study design a natural experiment to examine whether the opening up of government data promotes the improvement of the level of new quality productivity.It is found that government data openness has led to an increase of about 2.5 per cent in the overall level of new quality productivity in the host province.Mechanism analysis shows that the impact has three mediating mechanisms:dual innovation effect,cost reduction and efficiency effect,and industrial upgrading effect.Heterogeneity analyses show that for central and western regions,regions with poorer business environments,and regions with lower levels of human capital,the increase in the level of new quality productivity from open government data is not significant,highlighting a greater degree of regional imbalance.This paper provides some policy insights for deepening the construction of data resource system,stimulating the potential of data elements and promoting the development of new quality productivity in the process of government data opening.