多基因编辑技术的发展及其在畜牧种质创新中的应用

The Development of Multi-Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Agricultural Biological Germplasm Innovation

CRISPR基因编辑技术可以更精准、高效地更改基因组DNA序列,近年来在动植物育种中被广泛应用。实践中对农业生物多性状协同改良的需求越来越大,仅靠对单一基因或位点的改变不能满足上述需求,所以亟需建立一套多基因同步编辑体系,对多个基因进行协同修饰。多个sgRNA同时表达是多基因同步编辑的关键,常见表达策略包括建立多个单顺反子sgRNA并联表达和多顺反子sgRNA串联表达。常用串联表达工具有核酸酶Csy4、tRNA系统以及自裂核酶等。本文对以上多基因编辑技术的优劣进行了分析和总结,探讨了下一步的发展方向,并指出其重要意义和应用前景。

CRISPR gene editing technology can accurately and efficiently change the DNA source code and has been widely used in animal and plant breeding in recent years.In practice,the demand for multi-trait parallel improvement of agricultural organisms is increasing.The change of a single gene or locus alone cannot meet the above requirements.Therefore,it is desirable to establish a multi-gene simultaneous editing system to modify multiple genes.Simultaneous expression of multiple sgRNAs is critical to simultaneous editing of multiple genes.The commonly multi-sgRNA expression strategies include multiple single-cistron sgRNA parallel expression and multi-cistron sgRNA tandem expression.The frequently-commonly used tandem expression tools include nuclease Csy4,tRNA system and self-cleaving ribozyme.This review analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the above multi-gene editing technology,discusses the future direction,and stresses its significance and application prospects.