家马不同毛色遗传特性研究综述

A Review of the Genetic Characteristics of Different Coat Colors in Domestic Horses

家马的毛色是识别马匹和进行品种登记的主要内容及依据。古DNA研究表明,最先出现的家马毛色是骝色,在后续的演化过程中出现黑色和栗色,这3种毛色统称为基础毛色。与其他哺乳动物一样,家马的色素细胞通过真黑素和棕黑素的不同组合产生不同毛色。本文系统地总结了家马的13种不同毛色分类,综述了近三十年内关于家马不同毛色形成的候选基因研究进展,为深入解析家马不同毛色形成遗传机理、减少相关遗传疾病的发生以及后续的系谱登记和选种选育工作提供理论参考和依据。

The coat color of the domestic horse is the main element and basis for identifying horses and registering breeds.Ancient DNA studies have shown that the first coat color appeared in the domestic horse was bay,followed by black and chestnut,which are collectively known as the three base coat colors.As in Like other mammals,pigment cells in the domestic horse produce different coat colors through different combinations of eumelanin and phaeomelanin.In this paper,we systematically summarize the 13 different coat color classifications,and review the progress of candidate genes related to search on the formation of different coat colors in the domestic horse over the past 30 years,so as to provide theoretical references and bases for the in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanism of the formation of different coat colors in the domestic horse,the reduction of the occurrence of the related genetic diseases,as well as the subsequent horse registration and breeding.