艾美耳球虫的遗传操作:平台建立、应用与展望

Genetic Manipulation of Eimeria:Platform Development,Application,and Perspective

艾美耳属球虫是畜牧生产中最常见的寄生虫,引起鸡、兔、羊、牛等养殖动物严重消化系统疾病,影响动物健康和养殖效益。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,研究者们先后建立了艾美耳球虫的瞬时转染、稳定筛选和基因编辑等遗传操作平台,实现了艾美耳球虫的基因过表达、基因敲除和基因编辑等操作,极大推进了艾美耳球虫基础生物学和作为新型真核载体疫苗的研究进展,但仍面临一些挑战。本文围绕艾美耳球虫遗传操作平台建立的关键技术、创新性设计、存在的技术瓶颈以及应用前景进行系统梳理和总结,为其他畜禽寄生虫遗传操作平台的构建提供参考,也为球虫病新型防控制剂的研制提供新的思路。

The genus of Eimeria parasite is the most common parasite in poultry and livestock,causing severe digestive system diseases in animals such as chickens,rabbits,sheep,and cattle,which affect animal health and the economic benefits of animal farming.With the rapid development of molecular biology technologies,researchers have established genetic manipulation platform for Eimeria,including transient transfection,stable selection,and gene editing.These techniques have realized gene overexpression,gene knockout,and gene editing in Eimeria,greatly advancing the understanding of Eimeria′s basic biology and its potential as a novel eukaryotic vector vaccine.However,challenges still remain in this field.This article systematically reviews and summarizes the key technologies,innovative designs,technical bottlenecks,and application prospects of Eimeria′s genetic manipulation platform,providing references for the establishment of genetic manipulation platform for other livestock parasites and offering new insights for the development of new control measures against coccidiosis.