国外白氢勘查进展及对中国的启示

The development of overseas exploration of white hydrogen andimplications for China

氢能被认为是清洁能源的天花板,在能源领域将发挥越来越重要的作用。现阶段,氢能仅被视为一种二次能源,不具备大规模、稳定开发的特点,而且绝大多数氢能制备来自化石能源,排放大量温室气体,与清洁能源的目的相背离。由于过度依赖化石能源带来的环境问题日益突出,对地质氢(白氢)的研究得到了越来越多的重视。随着研究的深入,目前世界范围内已有百余处高含量(>10%)白氢报道,尤其是法国东北部洛林盆地白氢矿床的发现,据估算,该矿床氢气资源量在6×10^(6)~2.5×10^(8) t之间。白氢被认为是应对气候危机的关键能源。基于前人的大量研究,介绍了氢能来源分类,对比分析了白氢与工艺制氢相比,具有环保零碳、生产成本极低、可再生三大天然优势。依据国际上白氢的研究进展,分析认为地球拥有一套完备的产氢机制。相关研究表明,高含量白氢广泛分布在裂谷、板块俯冲带、前寒武纪结晶基底等区域,白氢的资源前景和应用前景广阔,美欧等国家正加紧布局白氢勘查。中国也具备白氢矿床发育的地质条件,然而与欧美等国家相比,中国白氢研究工作有待提升,基于此,对中国白氢地质工作提出3点建议:启动松辽盆地和柴达木盆地白氢调查试点,加强综合研究和理论技术研发,建设高素质的白氢人才队伍。

Hydrogen energy is considered to be the cleanest energy and will play an increasingly important role in the future energyfield.At present,it is only regarded as a secondary energy and does not have the characteristics of large scale and stability.Besides,most hydrogen energies are produced from fossil energies,which emit a lot of greenhouse gases.Because the environment problemscaused by excessive dependence on fossil energies,it has become much important to study geological hydrogen(known as“white ornative hydrogen”).With the deepening of research,hundreds of white hydrogen discoveries with high content have been reportedworldwide,especially,the discovery in the Lorrain Basin,France.It is estimated that the resource is about ranging 6 million to 250million tons.White hydrogen has regarded as the key energy to combat the climate crisis.Based on the previous studies,the hydrogencolor spectrum is introduced.Compared with hydrogen produced by other routes,white hydrogen has three natural advantages of zerocarbon,very low production cost and renewable.According to the progress of international exploration for white hydrogen,it isconcluded that the Earth has a complete hydrogen production mechanism.Relevant studies have shown that white hydrogen with highcontent is widely distributed in rifts,plate subduction zones,and Precambrian crystalline basement.Both the resource and applicationprospects of white hydrogen are broad and the United States and Europe and other countries are stepping up the layout of white hydrogen exploration.According to the previous research,China also has the geological conditions for the white hydrogen.However,compared with other countries,the research work on white hydrogen needs to be improved.Based on this,three suggestions are putforward for white hydrogen work in China,which are launching white hydrogen investigation pilot projects in Songliao Basin andQaidam Basin,strengthening comprehensive research and theoretical technology research and development of white hydrogen and alsobuilding a high−quality white hydrogen talent team.