1931年淮河水灾背景下民间报刊评论文章研究——以《申报》《大公报》为例

A Study of Commentary Articles in Folk Newspapers in the Context of the Huaihe River Flood in 1931:A Case Study of Shen Bao and Ta Kung Pao

1931年发生了许多令人难以忘怀的重大事件,这一年被称为“我国民族生活史上最惨痛之一页”,以淮河流域为中心的百年罕见的洪涝灾害即为其中之一。灾民流徙、疾疠扩散、土地荒芜、粮食短缺、匪患猖獗,淮河水灾成为亟需政府以及社会各界关注的问题。民间报刊作为反映社会问题的一面“镜子”,可以为窥探1931年淮河水灾的社会景观提供研究方向。研究发现,《申报》《大公报》作为民间报刊的两大代表,积极承担社会责任,这两大新闻媒体积极关注民生问题,发表淮河水灾与治理的相关评论文章,呼吁社会关注淮河水灾,在推动淮河治理过程中起到至关重要的作用。

Many unforgettable major events occurred in the Republic of China in 1931,which was known as“one of the most tragic pages in the history of national life in China”.One of them was the flood disaster rarely seen in a century centered on the Huaihe River Basin.The disaster caused refugees to wander everywhere,disease and epidemic,and even the land was desolate,food was scarce,and banditry was rampant.The flood disaster of the Huaihe River became an urgent issue that required the attention of the government and all sectors of society.As a“mirror”reflecting social issues,private newspapers can provide research directions for exploring the social landscape of the Huaihe River flood in 1931.The study found that Shen Bao and Ta Kung Pao,as two major representatives of private newspapers,actively assumed social responsibilities.These two major news media actively concerned about people’s livelihood issues,produced relevant commentaries on the Huaihe River flood and its management,called on the society to pay attention to the Huaihe River flood,and played a crucial role in promoting the management of the Huaihe River.