论民间文书整理的主要原则和方法——以《闽东家族文书》为例

On the Main Principles and Methods of Sorting out Folk Documents:Taking the Example of Eastern Fujian Family Documents

《闽东家族文书》收录了大量从明万历年间至民国初年的民间文书,为学界提供了宝贵的第一手文献资料。这批民间文书具有史学、农学、法学、档案学、语言学和地方文化等多学科的学术价值,其珍贵性是不言而喻的。以《闽东家族文书》整理中的各种文字问题为例,主张民间文书整理中应遵循“求真”的原则,同时提出在民间文书整理中可采用“识文字”“解字义”“懂书法”“尊原文”“明体例”“识符号”“字一致”等方法,可为今后民间文书的收藏和整理提供一些借鉴和参考。

Eastern Fujian Family Documents contains a large number of folk documents from the Ming Dynasty’s Wanli period to the early Republic of China,providing valuable first-hand literature for the academic community.These folk documents have academic values in various disciplines such as history,agronomy,law,archival science,linguistics,and local culture,and their preciousness is self-evident.Taking various textual issues in the collation of Eastern Fujian Family Documents as an example,this paper advocates that the principle of“seeking truth”should be followed in the collation of folk documents.At the same time,it proposes methods such as“recognizing characters”,“understanding meanings”,“understanding calligraphy”,“respecting the original text”,“understanding styles”,“recognizing symbols”,and“consistency in characters”,which can provide some references for the future collection and collation of folk documents.