楚辞序跋的世俗化倾向

The Secularization Tendency of the Prefaces and Postscripts of Chuci Literature

随着明代商品经济的发展、市民阶层社会地位的提高、思想领域中个体价值的觉醒,文艺呈现出世俗化的倾向,而始终沿着雅正方向发展的楚辞序跋也卷入了世俗化的潮流中。序跋创作的主体走出了雅文化的圈层,官员成为楚辞序跋世俗化的推动者,商人、刻工也开始创作序跋。屈原形象中蕴含的“忠君爱国”的群体观念逐渐淡化,“忧生愤世”的个体意识得以凸显,序跋作者以失意之真性情重塑屈原,褪去他身上神圣的光环。在“好名”之风的影响下,序跋作者通过书籍出版实现了“立言”的理想,有的作者在序跋中夸大家族和自己的成就,更有甚者将他人成果据为己有。

With the development of commodities in the Ming dynasty,the improvement of the social status of the citizen class,and the awakening of individual values in the ideological field,literary and artistic elements respected the trend of secularization and always developed in the direction of elegance and justice.Chuci were also involved in the trend of secularization.The subject of the creation of prefaces and postscripts stepped out of the circle of officials of refined culture and became the promoter of the secularization of prefaces and postscripts of Chuci.Transplanters and engravers also began to create prefaces and postscripts.The group concept of“loyalty to the monarch and patriotism”contained in Qu Yuan’s image gradually faded,and the individual consciousness of“worry and cynicism”became prominent.The author of the preface and postscript gradually approached Qu Yuan with his true temperament of frustration,and the sacred halo surrounding Qu Yuan gradually dimmed,presenting an image of a disillusioned scholar.Under the influence of the“pursuing false fame”trend,the creators of the preface and postscript realized the ideal of“writing books and propound ideas”through publishing,exaggerated the achievements of the family and themselves in the preface and postscript,and even took the achievements of others as their own.