新质生产力发展水平测度与区域差异研究

Research on the Measurement of the Development Level of New Quality Productive Forces and Regional Differences

把握新质生产力水平及其影响因素,是发展新质生产力的基础性工作。基于习近平总书记对新质生产力的系统阐释,本文提出了一个新质生产力的测度框架。通过构建科技创新、新质产业、绿色质态、生产要素四个维度的测度体系,使用熵值法和Dagum基尼系数测度了2013—2022年我国30个省份的新质生产力发展水平和区域差异。研究发现:(1)2013—2022年全国新质生产力综合指数稳步上升;(2)新质生产力发展水平存在明显的区域非均衡态势,形成了东部>中部>东北>西部的格局;(3)在区域差异方面,新质生产力发展的总体差异主要来源于区域间差异,并且呈现逐渐缩小的趋势;(4)区域间差异变化:东部与东北地区、西部和中部与东北地区随时间呈现先下降后上升的“U”型趋势,东部与其他三大区域、中部与西部地区在波动中呈现逐渐缩小趋势。提出要“发挥全国一盘棋”的制度优势、积极建立科技创新高地、推进数字经济与实体经济深度融合的政策建议。

Grasping the level of new quality productive forces and its influencing factors is fundamental to the development of new quality productive forces.Based on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s systematic interpretation of new quality productive forces,this paper proposes a measurement framework for new quality productive forces.By constructing an indicator system with four dimensions-science and technology innovation,new quality industry,green quality,and factors of production,we measured the development level of new quality productive forces and regional differences among 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022 using the entropy method and Dagum Gini coefficient.The study found that:(1)the national composite index of new quality productive forces increased steadily from 2013 to 2022;(2)There is an obvious regional imbalance in the level of development of new quality productive forces,forming a pattern of East>Central>Northeast>West;(3)In terms of regional differences,the overall differences in the development of new quality productive forces mainly come from inter-regional differences,and show a trend of gradual narrowing;(4)Regional disparities have shown a“U-shaped”trend over time,with the eastern and northeastern regions,as well as the western and central-northeastern regions,experiencing a decline followed by an ascent,and the eastern region has shown a trend of gradual narrowing in the fluctuations when compared with the other three major regions and the central-western region.Based on research findings,this article proposes policy recommendations to leverage the institutional advantage of“ensuring a coordinated national response”,actively establish a highland of scientific and technological innovation,and promote the deep integration of the digital economy with the real economy.