精神与现实的双重空间:出版业兴起下的晚明书肆

The Double Space of Spirit and Reality:Bookstores in the Late Ming Dynasty Capital in Space

书肆这一城市商业空间在古代社会有着较为独特的地位,作为书籍交易的主要场所,其不仅承担着书籍的刊刻与销售工作,还是将书籍与士人和城市相连接的桥梁。晚明书肆的繁盛,对三个空间都有深远的影响,其一是士人群体的精神空间,士人对于书肆有两种截然不同的看法,书肆既可以代表渊博的知识空间,亦背负了晚明士人学风混杂的责任;其二是现实空间,因士人与书肆的紧密联系,一些书肆在京城中的地理位置极为特殊且优越,城市中也出现了大量的书肆,促进了城市经济的繁荣;其三是政治空间与“公共空间”,书肆成为士人交流交往的公共空间,士人在书肆中展现自我、谈论政治。一些书籍通过书肆广泛传播,甚至波动了晚明政局。

Bookstore,an urban commercial space,had a unique position in ancient society.As the main place for book trading,it was not only responsible for book publishing and sales,but also connected books with scholars and cities.The prosperity of bookstores in the late Ming Dynasty had a profound impact on the three spaces.One was the spiritual space of the scholar group.Scholars had two completely different views on bookstores.Bookstores can not only represent the profound knowledge space,but also bear the responsibility of the mixed learning styles of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.The second is the real space,because of the close relationship between scholars and bookstores,some bookstores have extremely special geographical locations in the capital and as a result,a large number of bookstores also appeared in the city,which promoted the prosperity of the city's economy.The third is political space and“public space”.The bookstore became a public space for scholars to communicate and socialize,and scholars showed themselves and talked about politics in the bookstore.Some books were widely disseminated through bookstores,and even fluctuated the political situation in the late Ming Dynasty.