综合振动信号能量比和幅值标准差的铣削颤振实时监测方法

Timely Chatter Detecting Method in Milling with Integrated Energy Ratio and Amplitude Standard Deviation of Vibration Signal

航空航天装备中诸多薄壁结构件铣削加工过程中的颤振现象是影响加工质量的主要因素之一,为避免颤振的持续发生,提出综合振动信号能量比和幅值标准差的铣削颤振实时监测方法。首先通过三向加速度传感器测得铣削加工过程中的主轴实时振动信号,其次从中提取能量比和辅助监测指标幅值标准差,然后进行特征层融合并得到6个监测指标,最后监测模型输出采样时间段的铣削加工状态。测试试验结果表明,当所有工艺参数都变化时,该方法对颤振状态的识别准确率可达99.07%。数值试验结果则表明该方法能够满足在线颤振监测的实时性要求。该方法有效解决了铣削颤振在线监测应用的两大难点——泛化性(工艺泛化能力)差和实时性低。

The chatter phenomenon during the milling processing process of many thin-walled structural parts in aerospace equipment is one of the main factors affecting the surface quality of machining,a timely chatter detecting method in milling with integrated energy ratio and amplitude standard deviation of vibration signal is proposed to avoid the continuous occurrence of chatter.Firstly,the timely vibration signal of the spindle is measured by triaxial accelerometers during the milling processing process.Secondly,the energy ratio and auxiliary detecting indicator amplitude standard deviation are extracted from it.Then,feature layer fusion is performed and 6 detecting indicators are obtained.Finally,the milling state during the sampling period is output by the detection model.Test results show that the identification accuracy of the proposed method for chatter state can reach 99.07%at the change of all process parameters.Numerical experiment results show that the method can meet the timely requirements of online chatter detection.The method effectively solves the two major difficulties in the application of online detecting of milling chatter—poor generalization performance(process generalization ability)and low real-time performance.