飞机电推进系统高效能电机及其驱动控制技术

High-performance Electric Machine and Drive Technologies for Aircraft Electric Propulsion Systems

飞机动力系统的电气化是继机载二次能源逐步统一为电能之后航空电气化发展的重要方向和高级阶段,能够大幅提升飞机动力系统能量利用效率,是航空业绿色发展的重要途径。电机系统是飞机电推进系统的核心机电能量变换环节,高效能电机、电力电子变换及其驱动控制技术是电推进飞机发展的基础支撑。该文从电推进飞机动力系统架构出发,分析电推进飞机电机系统的特征与要求。总结永磁同步电机、异步电机、电励磁无刷同步电机和超导电机4种类型电机在电推进飞机上的研究和应用现状,系统讨论电推进系统中不同类型电机和电机驱动器的关键技术。最后,展望新材料、新器件、新工艺、人工智能和综合热管理等技术对电推进飞机电机及其驱动控制技术发展的推动作用。

Following the gradual unification of aircraft secondary power into electrical power,the electrification of aircraft propulsion power is an important trend and advanced stage of the development of aviation electrification.The electrified propulsion system can significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency,and it is a promising way for the green development of the aviation industry.The electric machine system is the core electromechanical energy conversion link of the aircraft electric propulsion system.High performance electric machine and power electronics technologies are basic support for the development of electric propulsion aircraft.Based on the aircraft power system architectures,the characteristics and requirements of the electric machine system for electric propulsion aircraft are analyzed first.The application and research status of permanent magnet synchronous machine,asynchronous machine,wound-rotor synchronous machine and superconducting machine in electric propulsion aircraft are summarized,and the key technologies of different types of electric machines and drives are systematically discussed.Furthermore,the key technologies of different types of electric machine and power electronics converter are also summarized.Finally,the promotion of new technologies on the development of electric machine system on electric propulsion aircraft is prospected,including new materials,new devices,new processes and artificial intelligence.