汾河流域底栖动物eDNA宏条形码研究及水生态健康评价

Macro-barcoding Using eDNA of Benthic Animal in Fen River Basin and Evaluation of Water Ecological Health

淡水大型底栖动物是淡水水质监测与评价中应用最广泛的生物类群,底栖动物调查监测对水质评价具有重要意义。采用eDNA(Environmental DNA)技术对山西汾河中上游流域的底栖动物进行多样性调查和水生态健康评价,在12个采样点采集水样和底泥,通过高通量测序技术获取汾河底栖动物eDNA宏条形码,并与同时空水质指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:eDNA宏条形码技术共检测出底栖动物4门6纲20目69科244属350种,以节肢动物门和软体动物门为主,其中,异痣蟌属(Ischnura cruzi)为核心种。与形态学结果相比,eDNA宏条形码技术效率更高,灵敏度更好,能覆盖更多底栖动物种类。泥样与水样相比,泥样中底栖动物群落之间的差异性较小,群落结构相对稳定,且泥样BMWP(Biological Monitoring Working Party)指数与水质污染因子相关性更高,建议在河流底栖动物研究中采集底泥进行eDNA研究。本研究可为汾河水生态健康评价提供科学依据。

Freshwater macrobenthos is the most widely used biological group in freshwater water quality monitoring and evaluation,and it is important to investigate and monitor the benthos and to evaluate the water quality.In this study,eDNA(Environmental DNA)technology was used to investigate the diversity of benthic fauna in the middle and upper Fen river basin in Shanxi province and to evaluate the water ecological health.Water samples and substrate were collected from 12 sampling sites,and the eDNA macro-barcodes of benthic fauna in the Fen river were obtained by high-throughput sequencing technology,and analyzed in correlation with concurrently empty water quality indices.The results showed that a total of 350 species of benthos were detected by eDNA macro barcoding technology,including 4 phylums,6 orders,20 orders,69 families,244 genera,mainly arthropods and mollusks,among which theIschnuracruziwas the core species.Compared with the morphological analysis,the eDNA macro-barcoding technique is more efficient and sensitive,and can cover more benthic species.Compared with the water samples,the mud samples showed less variability among the benthic communities and relatively stable community structure,and the BMWP(Biological Monitoring Working Party)index of the mud samples had higher correlation with the water quality pollution factors,so it is recommended to collect the bottom mud for the eDNA study of riverine benthic fauna.The study provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of the water ecological health of Fen River.