我国滨海湿地蓝碳能力提升的法治路径探索

Exploration of Approaches to Rule of Law to Enhance the Blue Carbon Capacity in Coastal Wetlands in China

滨海湿地作为重要的生态系统碳库,对其进行保护与修复是实现我国碳达峰碳中和目标的关键举措。通过系统检视我国滨海湿地的发展现状,梳理分析我国滨海湿地在“保护—修复—建设”过程中所面临的现实挑战,包括滨海湿地及蓝碳保护范围过窄阻碍司法救济、滨海湿地修复缺乏激励机制与系统性把握、滨海湿地建设项目管控力度过于松弛等问题。应坚持系统观的逻辑内核,拓展滨海湿地及蓝碳司法救济路径、创新滨海湿地退渔还湿退出补偿机制、构建滨海湿地建设项目系统化监管体系,以期构建提升滨海湿地蓝碳能力的法治路径,为后续滨海湿地蓝碳监测评估、蓝碳交易提供有力支撑。

As an important ecosystem carbon pool,the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands is a key measure to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China.This paper systematically examines the development status of coastal wetlands in China,and analyzes the challenges faced by coastal wetlands in the process of‘protection-restoration-construction’.Challenges include the narrow scope of coastal wetlands and blue carbon protection which obstructs judicial remedy,the lack of incentive mechanism and systematic grasp of coastal wetland restoration,the lax regulation of coastal wetland construction projects.It is necessary to adhere to the logical core of the system view,expand the judicial remedy path of coastal wetlands and blue carbon,innovate the compensation for quit mechanism for reclaiming wetlands from fish farming in coastal wetlands,and establish a systematic supervision system for coastal wetland construction projects.The purpose of the above measures is to build a legal path to improve the blue carbon capacity of coastal wetlands,and to provide strong support for the follow-up monitoring and evaluation of blue carbon in coastal wetlands and blue carbon trading.