“高被引学者”现象研究的知识立场及其热点演变

Knowledge Stance and Evolution of Hotspots in the Study of“Highly Cited Scholars”

高被引学者被视为基于客观、纯论文影响力的全球学术人才标杆,在相关学术领域发挥着重要作用。借助CiteSpace软件分析了1992—2022年间Web of Science和CNKI中的247篇文献,旨在探索“高被引学者”现象研究的知识立场及其热点演变。研究发现,该现象的核心议题是将“高被引学者”作为科研实践与人才政策的评价指标,其主流取向为实证式的科学主义范式。国际研究聚焦于高被引学者在学术系统内外部的影响力,而国内研究则侧重于描述其群体特征与跨国流动特征。整体上,早期研究“重文轻人”,强调“高被引”符号的工具理性,而后期研究则逐步关注高被引学者作为主体人的复杂动机和主观色彩。该领域的研究初步探讨了学术人才的评价标准及其在实践中不当使用可能引发的问题,但在弥合理论与实践之间的偏差与错位方面,仍需融入新的学科视角,对“高被引学者”这一热现象进行深入的学理层面的冷思考。

Highly cited scholars are recognized as global academic talent selected based on objective,paper influence,serving as benchmark in their respective academic fields.This paper,by analyzing 247 papers from the Web of Science and CNKI databases spanning 1992 to 2022 using CiteSpace,explores the knowledge stance and evolution of hotspots in the“highly cited scholars”indicator in research practices and talent policies.International research focuses on the impact of highly cited scholars both within and beyond the academic system,while domestic research emphasizes group characteristics and patterns of transnational mobility.Early research tended to prioritize the academic paper over the person,highlighting the instrumental rationality of the“highly cited”symbol,while later studies gradually focused on the complex motivations and subjective aspects of highly cited scholars as individuals.The study in this field has initially explored the evaluation criteria for academic talent and issues arising from improper implementation in practice.However,to bridge the gap between theory and practice,new disciplinary perspectives are required to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of“highly cited scholars”.