浙北某化工园区地下水重金属来源解析及健康风险评价

Analysis of heavy metal sources in groundwater and assessment of health:An example from the chemical industrial park in northern Zhejiang

为研究浙北某化工园区内地下水中重金属元素的污染来源及健康风险状况,对该区域内11组地下水样品中的8种重金属元素As、Cr、Al、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co和Mn进行检测分析,采用了内梅罗综合污染指数、主成分分析、相关性分析和USEPA健康风险评价模型对8种重金属元素进行了系列评估。结果表明:1)除Al以外,研究区域地下水重金属元素的平均浓度均未超过地下水质量标准Ⅳ类水标准限值(GB/T 14848—2017),Al、Ni和Mn 3种重金属元素最大值超标,Zn和Mn的偏度较高,研究区内重金属元素均属于高度变异。2)Al、Ni和Mn的内梅罗综合污染指数(P_(N))均超出清洁水平,研究区属于中等污染水平。3)重金属浓度分布与工业生产分布基本吻合,As、Cr、Al、Cu、Ni和Co之间可能具有相同的来源或迁移转化过程;Cr、Al、Cu、Ni和Co主要来源于工业源,As为工业和农业的混合源,Zn为人为源。4)研究区域内致癌重金属元素是导致重金属健康风险的主要来源,经饮用水途径暴露的总健康风险儿童高于成人,经皮肤入渗途径总健康风险儿童低于成人。致癌重金属Cr和As是引起健康风险的主要因子,皮肤入渗途径是重金属的主要暴露途径。若后期使用该研究区域及周边区域地下水作为饮用水源,则必须采取相关的处理措施后使用。

To elucidate the sources of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater of a chemical industrial park in northern Zhejiang,and assess the associated health risks,the current study conducted analyses on eight heavy metal elements(As,Cr,Al,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co and Mn)detected in 11 groundwater samples from the region.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index,principal component analysis,correlation analysis,and the USEPA health risk assessment model were adopted to index the evaluation process.The results showed that:1)Except for Al,the average concentrations of heavy metal elements in groundwater within the study area do not exceed the ClassⅣwater standards limit(GB/T 14848—2017).In terms of crest value of concentration,Al,Ni and Mn were observed to surpass the prescribed limits.Zn and Mn exhibited high skewness,indicating a notable variability in heavy metal elements across the research area.2)The Nemero comprehensive pollution indices(P_(N))for Al,Ni and Mn all exceeded clean water standards,and the study area was thus categorized as a moderately polluted region.3)The spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations was closely aligned with industrial production patterns.As,Cr,Al,Cu,Ni and Co might share similar origins or migration-transformation processes.Specifically,Cr,Al,Cu,Ni and Co mainly originated from industrial sources;As was found of a mix of both industrial and agricultural origins;And Zn originated from anthropogenic sources.4)Within the research area,carcinogenic heavy metal elements have posed the primary threat to public health.People could be exposed to heavy metal elements by assorted routes:Children would face higher risks than adults when being exposed to drinking water,while adults tend to be more vulnerable to dermal absorption compared to children.Cr and As are two main culprits for health problems and dermal absorption is identified as the primary exposure route for heavy metals.If the groundwater from the research area and its vicinity is to be utilized as a potable water source in the future,requisite remediation measures must be taken.