《流行性脑脊髓膜炎诊疗方案(2023年版)》解读

Interpretation of Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis(2023 Edition)

流行性脑脊髓膜炎是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染引起的一种急性化脓性脑脊髓膜炎,临床主要表现为发热、皮肤黏膜瘀点瘀斑、头痛,严重者可有意识障碍、脑疝等,死亡风险高。流脑的诊断需结合流行病学史、临床表现及病原学检查等综合判断,治疗首选青霉素G,重症者需同时给予各器官系统支持治疗。脑膜炎球菌疫苗是防控流脑最有效的措施,应当根据不同地区流行菌株血清群的不同选择恰当的疫苗接种。

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is an acute,purulent cerebrospinal meningitis caused by a Neisseria meningitis infection.Its clinical manifestations mainly include fever,skin and mucosal ecchymosis,headache.In severe cases,consciousness disorder,brain hernia,etc.might be induced,which has a high risk of death.The diagnosis of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis requires a comprehensive assessment based on epidemiological history,clinical manifestations,and pathogen examination.Penicillin G is preferred for treatment,and support treatment for various organ systems should be given simultaneously in severe cases.The meningococcal vaccine is the most effective measure for preventing and controlling meningitis,and appropriate vaccination should be selected based on the different serotypes of epidemic strains in different regions.