河西走廊地区春玉米膜下滴灌土壤表层温度统计特征研究

Statistical Characteristics Research of Soil Surface Temperature under Mulched Drip Irrigation for Spring Maize in Hexi Corridor Area

以干旱区民勤县玉米为研究对象,通过田间试验,设置覆膜滴灌240 m3/hm2(FDT1)、覆膜滴灌300 m3/hm2(FDT2)、覆膜滴灌420 m3/hm2(FDT3)、不覆膜滴灌420 m3/hm2(WMD)4个处理,研究干旱区玉米膜下滴灌对土壤表层温度变化的影响。结果表明,2017年特高温年条件下,8:00时玉米膜下滴灌各处理生育期高于气象站监测地面温度0.27~1.03℃,高于WMD处理0.73~1.49℃,膜下滴灌保温作用明显;14:00时玉米膜下滴灌各处理生育期高于气象站监测地面温度1.75~4.41℃,高于WMD处理-0.28~2.38℃,膜下滴灌恒温效果明显;20:00时玉米膜下滴灌各处理生育期高于气象站监测地面温度6.86~9.83℃,高于WMD处理1.07~2.97℃,膜下滴灌保温效果明显。8:00和20:00时叶面覆盖前(玉米生长前期)较叶面覆盖后(玉米生长后期)温度分别升高2.11~3.15℃和0.53~1.59℃,14:00时叶面覆盖前较叶面覆盖后温度降低1.20~4.56℃。叶面覆盖后,土壤温度变化幅度小,土壤热容量维持在稳定水平,为玉米生长提供了稳定的温度空间。

Soil temperature significantly influences crop growth.This study explores the variations in soil surface temperature under mulched drip irrigation for spring maize in the arid region of Minqin County.A field experiment was conducted with four treatments which include mulched drip irrigation at 240 m3/ha(FDT1),300 m3/ha(FDT2),420 m3/ha(FDT3)and 420 m3/ha without mulch drip(WMD).The results showed that under the extra-high temperature year in 2017,the temperature of maize under mulched drip irrigation at 8:00 in each growth period was 0.27-1.03℃higher than the ground temperature monitored by the meteorological station,and 0.73-1.49℃higher than WMD,indicating that drip irrigation under film had obvious thermal insulation effect.The temperature of maize under mulched drip irrigation at 14:00 and 20:00 was respectively 1.75-4.41℃and 6.86-9.83℃higher than the ground temperature monitored by meteorological station,and higher than WMD-0.28-2.38℃and 1.07-2.97℃,which all indicated that mulched drip irrigation had obvious constant temperature effect.The temperature before foliar mulching at 8:00 and 20:00 respectively increased by 2.11-3.15℃and 0.53-1.59℃compared with that after foliar mulching,while the temperature at 14:00 decreased by 1.20-4.56℃.After leaf mulching,the soil temperature changed slightly and soil heat capacity remained at a stable level,which provided a stable temperature space for maize growth.