健康生态学视域下营养干预对高龄衰弱老人营养状况和步行能力效果研究

Effects of Nutritional Intervention on Nutritional Status and Walking Ability in Frail Elderly Individuals from the Perspective of Health Ecology

目的构建健康生态学视域下高龄衰弱老人营养护理方案并评价其应用效果。方法通过文献分析、证据总结和德尔菲法形成健康生态学视域下高龄衰弱老人营养护理方案。选取2022年6月—2023年3月滨州市中医医院收治的126例高龄衰弱入院患者作为研究对象,将依照抽签法其分为试验组和对照组,各63例。试验组在内科一病区接受健康生态学视域下营养干预方案,对照组在内科二病区接受常规营养护理;比较入院时、接受干预6周、12周两组高龄衰弱老人营养指标和步行能力指标。结果干预12周后,试验组身体质量指数(BMI)、上臂中围、小腿围、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预6周和12周后试验组起身-步行计时测试时间低于对照组,6 min步行试验(Six Minute Walk Test,6MWT)高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康生态学视域下高龄衰弱老人营养干预方案可改善其营养状况和步行能力。

Objective To construct a nutritional nursing scheme for frail elderly in the perspective of health ecology and evaluate its application effect.Methods Through literature analysis,evidence summary,and the Delphi method,a nutritional nursing scheme for frail elderly in the perspective of health ecology was formed.The patients treated in Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to March 2023 were selected126 elderly patients admitted to hospital were divided into test group and control group according to the lottery method,with 63 cases each..The experimental group received a nutritional intervention scheme based on the perspective of health ecology in the Department of Internal MedicineⅠ,while the control group received routine nutritional nursing in the Department of Internal MedicineⅡ.The nutritional indicators and walking ability indicators of the two groups of frail elderly patients were compared at the time of admission,and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention.Results After 12 weeks of intervention,the experimental group showed higher levels of BMI,mid-upper arm circumference,calf circumference,albumin,prealbumin,and transferrin than the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,at 6 and 12 weeks after the intervention,the time for the experimental group to complete the time up and go test was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the 6-minute walk test distance was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The nutritional intervention scheme for frail elderly in the perspective of health ecology can improve their nutritional status and walking ability.