基于多源数据的应急疏散避险能力评价和优化——以棋盘山森林区域为例

Evaluation and Optimization of Emergency Evacuation and AvoidanceCapability Based on Multi-source Data--Taking the Qipan Mountain Forest Area as an Example

森林火灾是严重威胁人民生命财产安全的突发性自然灾害,应急疏散避险响应是应对突发自然灾害的关键环节,作为前置工作的应急疏散避险能力评价,对于事故应急管理和应急能力建设意义重大。以沈阳市棋盘山森林区域为例,基于融合环境特征和场所自身特征的能力评价影响因子构建了综合评价体系,利用多源数据和GIS分析方法对15个应急疏散避险场所进行应急管理能力综合评价。研究表明当前研究区域应急避险疏散管理能力不够完善,47%的应急场所存在道路通达性不够、周边人口密集、周边切坡建房导致地灾风险高、建筑质量不达标等问题,本文结合国土空间规划和地质灾害防治专项规划对上述问题进行了针对性分析和建议。

Forest fires have always been a sudden natural disaster that seriously threatens the safety of people's lives and property.Emergency evacuation and risk response is a key link in responding to sudden natural disasters.As a prerequisite,the evaluation of emergency evacuation and risk avoidance capability is of great significance for accident emergency management and emergency capacity construction.This article takes the Qipanshan forest area in Shenyang City as an example,and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system based on the ability evaluation impact factors that integrate environmental characteristics and site characteristics.GIS analysis method is used to comprehensively evaluate the emergency management ability of 15 emergency evacuation and refuge sites.Research has shown that the current emergency evacuation management capabilities in the research area are not comprehensive enough.47%of emergency venues have problems such as insufficient road accessibility,dense population in the surrounding areas,high risk of land disasters caused by slope cutting and building,and substandard building quality.This article provides targeted analysis and suggestions based on national land spatial planning and special planning for land disaster prevention and control.