大选之年英国《农业转型计划》重大更新:变革动力、政策意蕴与未来演进

Significant Update of UK’s Agricultural Transition Plan in the Election Year:Drivers of Change,Policy Implications and Future Developments

2024年是英国大选之年。新年伊始,英国完成了脱欧以来最大规模的农业政策更新,推出了修订版《农业转型计划》。俄乌冲突和脱欧后遗症持续冲击英国农业、农业可持续性危机并未根本改观、农业补贴持续减少、农民收入持续恶化等多重因素叠加,构成了英国推出修订版《农业转型计划》的动力。修订版《农业转型计划》的核心意蕴是增进粮食安全,纠偏激进的农业环境政策。研析英国农业政策的未来演进可知,可持续性是英国未来农业政策的远景目标,粮食安全是英国未来农业政策的重要关切,政府补贴是英国未来农业政策的有力抓手,迈向合作是英国未来农业政策的变革路径。基于此,中国农业政策变革应致力于实现以下目标:一是构建愿景,增强农业可持续性;二是科技创新,增强粮食自给能力;三是关注聚焦,持续提高农民收入;四是合作治理,改善农民公共参与。

2024 marks the year of the general election in the United Kingdom.At the outset of the new year,the UK has undergone its most extensive overhaul of agricultural policies and issued the updated Agricultural Transition Plan since the onset of Brexit.The ongoing crisis in Ukraine and the lingering aftershocks of Brexit continue to impact British agriculture.Despite this,the sustainability crisis within the agricultural sector remains largely unabated,with agricultural subsidies dwindling and farmers’incomes continuing to deteriorate,among other compounding factors.These elements collectively serve as the impetus behind the significant reform of the Agricultural Transition Plan.The core essence of this updated Agricultural Transition Plan lies in the advancement of both food security and the correction of agricultural environmental policies.Analysis of the future evolution of British agricultural policy reveals sustainability as a long-term goal,with food security emerging as a critical concern.Government subsidies are positioned as a potent lever in shaping future agricultural policies,while collaboration is seen as the pathway to transformative change.In light of this,the reform agenda for Chinese agricultural policy should strive to achieve the following objectives:firstly,to articulate a vision and enhance agricultural sustainability;secondly,to foster technological innovation and bolster food self-sufficiency;thirdly,to focus on and continuously elevate farmers’incomes;and fourthly,to embrace collaborative governance and improve farmers’public participation.