CPTPP框架下新西兰2022年《植物品种权法》评析及启示

Analysis of Plant Variety Rights Act 2022 in New Zealand under the CPTPP Framework and its Enlightenment

在《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)框架下,根据国际贸易拓展与规则制定、遗传资源和传统知识保护的需要,新西兰于2022年修订《植物品种权法》并于2023年正式生效。其核心主张主要包括:扩大品种权保护范围、建立毛利植物品种委员会、完善强制许可制度以及明晰过渡性衔接规定。该法在国际植物新品种保护公约(UPOV)1991文本的基础上进一步实现了保护遗传资源相关传统知识和促进育种创新成果流动等多重价值,较好对接了CPTPP的有关规定。中国已启动加入CPTPP程序,并着手修订《植物新品种保护条例》以履行协定规定的义务,但仍存在完善空间。借鉴新西兰的实践经验,中国可从整合利用国际技术资源、完善品种权申请费用和强制交叉许可规定、健全繁殖材料获取机制与农民品种保护制度三方面进一步优化相关规定,在提升中国种业知识产权保护水平的同时,实现国内规则与高标准国际经贸规则的良性对接,为推动种业国际交流合作、促进种业振兴提供制度支持。

Under the framework of CPTPP,and in response to the need for international trade expansion and rule-making,as well as the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge,New Zealand amended the Plant Variety Rights Act in 2022,which officially take effect in 2023.The core propositions include expanding the scope of variety rights protection,establishing a Maori Plant Varieties Committee,improving the compulsory licensing system,and clarifying transitional provisions.Building upon the UPOV 1991 text,this law further enhances the protection of genetic resources related to traditional knowledge and promotes the flow of breeding innovation achievements,aligning well with relevant provisions of CPTPP.China has initiated the process of joining CPTPP and is working on amending the Regulations on Protection of New Varieties of Plants to fulfill its obligations under the agreement.However,there is still room for improvement.Drawing from New Zealand’s practical experience,China can further enhance relevant regulations by integrating and utilizing international technological resources,optimizing variety rights application fees and compulsory cross-licensing provisions,and strengthening mednanism of access to breeding materials and farmer varieties protection system.This will not only elevate China’s level of intellectual property protection in seed industry,but also achieve a harmonious alignment between domestic rules and high-standard international economic and trade rules.It will provide institutional support for promoting international exchange cooperation in seed industry revitalization.