两权抵押贷款对农户收入分配的影响研究

Impact of the Mortgage Loan of the Rural Land Contract Management Right and the Farmers’Housing Right on Income Distribution in Rural China

完善金融体系是优化收入分配结构的重要途径,但人们缺乏对农村金融改革在农户收入分配中作用的理解。基于2005—2020年的县域面板数据,本文使用渐进双重差分法检验了农村土地承包经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款对农户收入及城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现:第一,农村土地承包经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点实施增加了农户收入,缩小了城乡收入差距;第二,农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款对农户收入分配的优化作用比农民住房财产权抵押贷款更加有效;第三,农村土地承包经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款对农户收入分配的优化作用主要通过促进农村经济增长、增加农户信贷可得性及促进农村劳动力流动来实现。上述研究结论揭示出通过农村金融改革助力共同富裕的必要性,即需要推动农村土地承包经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款的农村金融改革来改善农户收入分配。

Improving the financial system is crucial for optimizing income distribution,but the role of rural financial reform in farm household income distribution remains poorly understood.This paper utilizes county panel data from 2005 to 2020 and employs the staggered difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of the mortgage loan of the rural land contract management right and the farmers’housing right on farm household income and the urban-rural income gap.The study reveals that:firstly,the pilot implementation of the mortgage loan of the rural land contract management right and the farmers’housing right has increased farm household income and narrowed the urban-rural income gap;secondly,optimizing farm household income distribution through the mortgage loan of the rural land contract management right is more effective than the mortgage loan of the farmers’housing right;thirdly,enhancing income distribution among farm households through the mortgage loan primarily occurs by promoting rural economic growth,improving credit accessibility for farmers,and fostering rural labor mobility.These findings underscore the necessity of rural financial reforms to foster the common prosperity.Specifically,advocating for rural financial reforms,such as the mortgage loan,is essential for improving income distribution among rural households.