仿生土木工程研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of bio-inspired civil engineering

随着城镇化水平不断提升,中国每年新增建筑面积约20亿m2,大规模基础设施建设对土木工程理论和技术创新的要求越来越高。学者们通过研究自然界的增强增韧、水下黏合、钻孔掘进和轻质高强等现象发现,生物体具有独特的外部形态和组织结构,通过模仿生物体的外部形态、结构特征或运动机理可为土木工程技术创新和可持续发展提供新思路、新原理和新理论。从仿生材料、仿生结构和仿生机械与构筑物3个方面阐述仿生学在土木工程中的应用,列举典型的应用案例,并对仿生土木工程进行总结和展望,为未来的研究提供基础材料。作为新兴的研究方向,仿生土木工程基础理论尚不完善,仿生土木工程涉及生物、材料、结构等多学科的交叉,需要开展不同领域间的协同合作研究。

With continuous urbanization,China,s annual new construction area is of about 2 billion m2,as a result of which the theoretical and technical innovations for large-scale infrastructure construction are increasingly demanding.Scholars have found that organisms have unique external morphology and organizational structure by studying the phenomena of reinforcement and toughening,underwater adhesion,drilling and tunneling,light weight and high strength in nature.By imitating external morphology,structural characteristics or motion mechanism of organisms,they can provide new ideas,principles and theories for innovation and sustainable development of civil engineering.This paper mainly expounds the application of bionics in civil engineering from three aspects:bionic materials,bionic structures and bionic apparatus and constructions,and lists typical application cases.Finally,the bio-inspired civil engineering is summarized and prospected,which provides basic principles for future research.As an emerging research area,the basic theory of bio-inspired civil engineering is promising not yet perfect.Meanwhile,bio-inspired civil engineering involves the interdisciplinary research of biology,materials,structure and other disciplines,and it is necessary to carry out cooperation between different disciplines.