法律学说在疑难案件中运用的困境及纾解

The Dilemma of the Application of Legal Doctrine in Difficult Cases and Legal Regulation

在疑难案件中,法律学说的运用呈现出复杂性和多样性,其提出主体为法官和当事人,运用方式为显性和隐性,具体功能包括说理论证、法律解释和弥补法律漏洞。上述特征致使法律学说在疑难案件中运用面临诸多困境,如缺乏统一的援引和回应程序、论证不足、援引争议学说,以及同一学说可能导致不同结论等。其根源在于法律法规与司法解释的不完善、学说的多样性、解释歧义及主观因素的影响。鉴于此,需规范学说的援引程序、完善学说的回应程序、援引时充分论证、对通说与非通说加以区分,推进法律学说与法律衔接,并引导其正确运用,以提升疑难案件处理的法治化水平。

In difficult cases,the application of legal doctrines is characterized by complexity and diversity,with judges and parties as the main subjects of their application,and with explicit and implicit modes of application,and with specific functions such as doctrinal justification,legal interpretation,and the filling of legal loopholes.The above features have led to many difficulties in the use of legal doctrine in difficult cases,such as the lack of uniform invocation and response procedures,insufficient argumentation,the invocation of controversial doctrines,and the same doctrine may lead to different conclusions.This stems from the imperfections of laws,regulations and judicial interpretations,the diversity of doctrines,interpretive ambiguities and the influence of subjective factors.In view of this,there is a need to standardize the procedure for invoking doctrine,improve the procedure for responding to doctrine,make sufficient arguments when invoking it,distinguish between general and non-general doctrines,promote the convergence of legal doctrine and the law,and guide its correct application,in order to enhance the rule of law in the handling of difficult cases.