基于声发射多参数融合的滚动轴承典型故障损伤程度识别方法

Damage extent identification method of typical rolling bearing faults based on acoustic emission multi-parameter fusion

针对滚动轴承典型故障损伤程度难识别的问题,以声发射参数分析和波形流分析方法为基础,结合时间到达特征指数(TAFI)、计数、撞击数、能量以及引入故障特征频率功率峰值与其相邻倍频间频带内平均功率比值的无量纲参数故障因子,提出了一种基于声发射多参数融合的滚动轴承典型故障损伤程度识别方法。为验证该方法对滚动轴承典型故障损伤程度的识别效果,搭建了滚动轴承典型故障模拟试验台,开展试验并采集了线切割严重损伤和点蚀微弱损伤两种缺陷的滚动轴承声发射信号,对相同转速工况下测得的典型故障轴承与健康轴承的声发射信号应用本文提出的方法进行识别。结果表明:声发射特征参数TAFI可以初步判定轴承是否存在故障,计数和撞击数可有效识别滚动轴承的故障类型;特征参数能量可有效识别外圈故障和滚动体故障滚动轴承的不同损伤程度,引入故障因子参量来表征不同缺陷滚动轴承的损伤程度,通过线切割和点蚀缺陷1~5倍频故障因子数值上的差异,有效识别了典型故障滚动轴承的不同损伤程度,弥补了特征参数能量对内圈故障损伤程度识别的不足。该方法可有效识别滚动轴承典型故障的不同损伤程度。

In view of the problem in identifying the damage extent of typical rolling bearing faults,based on acoustic emission parameter analysis and waveform flow analysis methods,the time arrival feature index(TAFI),count,number of hits and energy were combined,and the non-dimensional parameter fault factor as the ratio of the peak power of the fault characteristic frequency to the average power in the frequency band between its adjacent octave was introduced.An identification method of the damage extent for typical rolling bearing faults based on acoustic emission multi-parameter fusion was proposed.In order to verify the identification effect of this method on the damage extent of typical rolling bearing faults,a test bench for simulating typical rolling bearing faults was built.Test was carried out and the acoustic emission signals of rolling bearing with two defects of serious damage caused by wire-cutting and weak damage caused by pitting caused were collected.The identification method proposed was applied to the acoustic emission signals of typical faulty bearings and healthy bearings measured under the same speed conditions.The results showed that the acoustic emission characteristic parameter TAFI can preliminarily determine whether the bearing was faulty,the count and number of hits can effectively identify the fault types of rolling bearings.The characteristic parameter energy can effectively identify different damage extents of the rolling bearing with outer ring fault and rolling element fault.The fault factor parameter was introduced to characterize the damage degree of rolling bearings with different defects,and the different damage extents of rolling bearing with typical faults were effectively identified through the numerical differences of the fault factors of 1-5 times fault characteristic frequency between wire-cutting and pitting defects,which made up for the lack of fault damage extent identification of inner ring fault with characteristic parameter energy.This method can effectively identify different damage extents of typical rolling bearing faults.