再论道地药材“优形、优质、优效”特征成因及研究模式

Review of contributing factors and research model of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect"of Dao-di herbs

2020年,依据现代生命科学研究成果及发展趋势,笔者课题组首次提出中药道地性可表现为道地药材具有“优形、优质、优效”(excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect,简称“三优”)特征,拓宽了传统药材辨状的范畴。近年来,随着对中药道地性自然属性、物质属性、药物属性研究的逐步深入,丰富和完善了道地药材“三优”的科学内涵。“优质”(high quality)特征主要体现为道地药材具有“独特化学型”,其可作为“优效”(superior effect)的物质基础,也可参与调控“优形”(excellent shape)的形成。与“形神合一”相似,在长期进化过程中,道地药材逐渐形成独特的环境适应性特征,表现为“形质合一”。道地药材“三优”特征受到品种基因型和产区生态因子交互作用的影响,可体现为气候主导型、生产措施主导型、种质主导型。根据道地药材自然属性、物质属性、药物属性,可构建丹参等模式生物,并建立“三优”研究方法体系,包括基于“优质”特征的质量评价体系、“性效关系”表征方法体系、基于“优形、优质”特征的稳态综合控制体系等。未来道地药材研究应更加注重深入和广泛的基础性工作,需要建立综合性的药用模式植物研究平台,并构建药用模式植物突变体库,以便为其他药用植物的功能基因研究提供有力的模式生物。同时,针对道地药材“三优”特征的研究,提出了3个热点研究方向,旨在揭示其遗传基础、生物学特性、生态适应性等方面的机制。这些研究将为优化药用植物的定向育种、规范化栽培以及提升药材质量提供科学依据,进一步推动道地药材的可持续利用和发展。

Based on the research results and development trend of modern life sciences,our team first proposed in 2020 that Dao-di herbs had the characteristics of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect",which broadened the scope of traditional medicinal herb description.In recent years,with the gradual deepening of the research on the natural,material,and medicinal properties of Dao-di herbs in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the scientific connotation of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect"of Dao-di herbs has been enriched."High quality"is mainly embodied in the fact that Dao-di herbs have a"unique chemotype",which can be used as the material basis of"superior effect"and can participate in regulating the formation of"excellent shape".Similar to the principle of"unity of body and spirit",in the process of long-term evolution,Dao-di herbs gradually form unique environmental adaptive characteristics,which is manifested as the"unity of shape and quality".The characteristics of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect"of Dao-di herbs are affected by the interaction between the genotype of the species and the ecological factors of the production area,which can be reflected in the climate-dominated type,production measure-dominated type,or germplasm-dominated type.According to the natural,material,and medicinal attributes of Dao-di herbs,model organisms such as Salvia miltiorrhiza can be constructed,and the research methodology system of the characteristics of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect"can be established,including quality evaluation system based on"high quality",characterization methodology system of"property-efficacy relationship",and homeostatic comprehensive control system based on"excellent shape and high quality".In the future,research on Dao-di herbs should pay more attention to in-depth and extensive basic work,and it is necessary to establish a comprehensive medicinal model plant research platform and build a medicinal model plant mutant library,so as to provide powerful model organisms for the functional gene research of other plants.Meanwhile,three research hotspots have been proposed for the research on the characteristics of"excellent shape,high quality,and superior effect"of Dao-di herbs,so as to reveal the mechanisms of their genetic basis,biological characteristics,and ecological adaptability.These studies will provide a scientific basis for optimizing the directed breeding of medicinal plants,standardizing cultivation,and improving the quality of medicinal herbs,so as to promote the sustainable use and development of Dao-di herbs.