西北干旱半干旱地区节水增汇植物种类筛选

Screening of water-saving and sink-enhancing plant species in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China

【目的】为改善西北地区的生态环境,践行可持续发展理念,促进地区生态修复与节水增汇,有必要开展西北干旱半干旱地区生存的灌草植物适宜性研究。【方法】以现场勘察和文献调研当地优势植物为基础,选择10种草本植物和7种灌木为研究对象,进行田间试验,测定它们的生长性状指标、光合生理指标、生物量和碳储量指标,运用层次分析法分别对草本植物和灌木进行节水增汇的综合评价,以此筛选适生植物种类。【结果】(1)草本植物中,高冰草、沙打旺和早熟禾的水分利用效率较高,灌木中沙地柏、柠条锦鸡儿和紫穗槐的水分利用效率较高;(2)草本植物中总碳储量较高的是紫花苜蓿、草木樨和沙打旺,灌木总碳储量较高的是紫穗槐、柠条锦鸡儿和沙棘;(3)节水增汇草本植物排序从高到低依次为紫花苜蓿、草木樨、沙打旺、蜀葵、披碱草、沙蒿、高冰草、高羊茅、黑麦草、早熟禾,节水增汇灌木排序从高到低依次为紫穗槐、柠条锦鸡儿、沙棘、沙地柏、胡枝子、沙柳、花棒。【结论】本研究筛选出了适宜在西北干旱半干旱地区生存的节水增汇植物种类,为该地区植物配置提供参考,为推动生态环境改善、地区生态重建和碳汇增加提供科技支撑。

[Objective]The study of shrub and grass plants suitable for survival in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China can not only improve the ecological environment of Northwest China,but also conform to the concept of sustainable development,which is of far-reaching significance for the ecological restoration and the water-saving and carbon-sink-enhancing work in the region.[Method]Based on the field survey and literature research of local dominant plants,this study selected ten herbaceous plants and seven shrubs as research objects.Field experiments were conducted,then their growth trait indexes,photosynthesis physiological indexes,biomass and carbon storage indexes were tested.The hierarchical analysis method was applied to comprehensively evaluate the water-saving and carbon-sink-enhancing performance of herbaceous plants and shrubs,respectively,so as to screen out the suitable plant species.[Result](1)In herbaceous plants,water-use efficiencies of Agropyron elongatum,Astragalus laxmannii and Poa annua were high.In shrubs,water-use efficiencies of Juniperus sabina,Caragana korshinskii,and Amorpha fruticosa were high.(2)In herbaceous plants,total carbon stocks of Medicago sativa,Melilotus officinalis,and Astragalus laxmannii were high.In shrubs,total carbon stocks of Amorpha fruticosa,Caragana korshinskii,and Hippophae rhamnoides were high.(3)Water-saving and carbon-sink-enhancing herbs ranked in descending order of Medicago sativa>Melilotus officinalis>Astragalus laxmannii>Alcea rosea>Elymus dahuricus>Artemisia desertorum>Agropyron elongatum>Festuca elata>Lolium perenne>Poa annua.Water-saving and arbon-sink-enhancing shrubs ranked in descending order of Amorpha fruticosa>Caragana korshinskii>Hippophae rhamnoides>Juniperus sabina>Lespedeza bicolor>Salix cheilophila>Corethrodendron scoparium.[Conclusion]The study has screened out watersaving and carbon-sink-enhancing plant species suitable for survival in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.It can not only provide a basis for the plant configuration in the region,and improve ecological environment,but also provide scientific and technological support for ecological reconstruction and increase of carbon sinks in the region.