先秦时间观念的多元化审美特质:以“三礼”为中心

The Diversified Aesthetic Characteristics of the Pre-Qin Time Concept:Focusing on“Three Rites”

先秦时期是中国传统时间审美观念的奠基期。然而,学界或从中西对比层面,或从阐释学和现象学维度,或从先秦单本原典以及“三礼”具体篇目入手,又或专注于时间审美与人类礼俗、艺术创作、儒释道文化的关系等进行研究。整体观之,直接涉及“三礼”具体内容以及先秦基于中国传统时间观念奠基作用的研究尚显不足。综合文献分析、归纳演绎和跨学科研究等方法,通过梳理和探析“三礼”时间观念审美特性的内涵及其成因,可发掘出“三礼”是以早期巫祭意识、农耕文明形塑出的自然经验以及《周易》、老子等对时间的哲学建构为基础,从而形成了融合自然神性之美、循环往复之美、生生之德美为一体的时间观念审美特性,这亦可证实先秦时间观念的多元化审美特质。不同于以往研究,以“三礼”为中心来切入先秦时间观念的审美特质,不仅对整体理解和具象把握先秦时间观念的审美特质起到重要的参照作用,还可使得时间观念在先秦美学中的重要地位得以凸显。更进一步,亦可由此窥见“三礼”乃至先秦时间观念的多元化审美特质不只是建基于伦理纲常和等级位序等道德观念之上,其更深层地是源发于对自然时间秩序观念的审美观照。

The pre-Qin period is the foundation of Chinese traditional aesthetic concept of time.However,the academic circles have studied it from the perspective of comparison between China and the West,or of hermeneutics and phenomenology,or of the single original pre-Qin texts and the specific content of the“Three Rites”,or of focusing on the relationship between time aesthetics and human customs,artistic creation and culutre of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.On the whole,the research directly related to the specific content of“Three Rites”and the foundation of the pre-Qin period based on the traditional Chinese concept of time is still insufficient.With comprehensive literature analysis,induction and deduction and interdisciplinary research methods,by combing and analyzing the connotation and causes of the aesthetic characteristics of time concept of the“Three Rites”,it can be found that the“Three Rites”is based on the natural experience shaped by the early witchcraft consciousness,agricultural civilization and the philosophical construction of time by the Zhouyi and Laozi,thus forming the aesthetic characteristics of the concept of time that integrates the beauty of natural divinity,the beauty of circulation and the beauty of life,which can also confirm the diversified aesthetic characteristics of the concept of time in the pre-Qin period.Differently,the aesthetic characteristics of pre-Qin time concept centered on the“Three Rites”not only play an important reference role in the overall understanding and concrete grasp of the aesthetic characteristics of the pre-Qin time concept,but also highlight the important position of the time concept in pre-Qin aesthetics.Furthermore,it can also be seen that the diversified aesthetic characteristics of the“Three Rites”and even the pre-Qin time concept are not only based on moral concepts such as ethical principles and hierarchical order,but also originates deeply from the aesthetic view of the concept of natural time order.