宋诗话中的生命化批评及其审美特征

Vitality Criticism in the Notes on the Poetry ofthe Song Dynasty and Its Aesthetic Characteristics

生命化批评是中国古代文论具有民族特色的批评方法,而宋诗话中生命化批评的运用颇为可观。从类别上看,宋诗话中的生命化批评主要体现为人文事象与自然事象的联合并取,这源于许慎《说文解字》中记载的“近取诸身”“远取诸物”思维模式的启发。循着这两条思维模式的发展,自然万物、四季轮替都成为评诗品诗的原始材料,使得宋人的生命化批评呈现出象喻性、感发性和全息性三大审美特征。

Vitality criticism is a nationally characteristic criticism method in ancient Chinese literary theory,and the use of vitality criticism in the notes on the poetry of the Song Dynasty is quite impressive.In terms of categories,vi⁃tality criticism in the notes on the poetry of the Song Dynasty is mainly reflected in the combination of humanistic and natural events,which is inspired by the thinking mode of“drawing appropriate analogies from what is near at hand,seeking inspiration and enlightenment from nature”recorded in Xu Shen’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi(Explaining and Analysing Characters in Chinese).Following the development of these two modes of thinking,everything in nature and the cycle of seasons became the original materials for assessing and evaluating poems,which made the vitality criticism of Song poets present three aesthetic characteristics,namely,metaphorical,evocative and holographic.