“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权 放活的运行机制研究 ——基于试点地区的多案例分析

Analysis of Operating Mechanism of Release of Homestead Usage Right Under Perspective of"Separation of Three Rights"——Multi-Case Analysis Based on Pilot Areas

以35个宅基地使用权放活试点地区案例为基础,运用扎根理论构建“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权放活运行机制的理论框架,从而探究试点地区宅基地使用权放活的内在逻辑,进一步推动“三权分置”下的宅基地使用权制度改革。研究表明,“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权放活运行机制由运行目标、运行环境、制度安排、运行主体、运行路径五大主范畴构成,各个主范畴之间互相影响,共同推动宅基地使用权放活。具体而言,运行目标指明宅基地使用权放活的方向;运行环境为宅基地使用权放活提供经济、组织、区位等现实依托;制度安排通过加强规范约束,引导运行主体,规范运行路径;运行主体基于自身利益最大化的内生驱动,选择不同运行路径,推动运行机制在不同主体间联动运转;运行路径为宅基地使用权放活拓宽实现路径。为推动宅基地使用权放活,政府应充分界定宅基地使用权,加快推进宅基地“确权到户、确地到人”;注重因地制宜,多元化宅基地使用权放活路径;充分考虑主体诉求,制定宅基地流转的利益分配机制。

Based on the case studies of thirty-five pilot areas,the theoretical framework of the operating mechanism for the release of homestead usage rights was constructed from the perspective of the"separation of three rights"using grounded theory.The research revealed that,viewed through the lens of the"separation of three rights",the operating mechanism for the release of homestead usage rights consisted of five main categories:operation target,operation environment,institutional arrangement,operation subject,and operation path.Each main category influenced the others,working together to facilitate the release of homestead usage rights.Specifically,the operation goal set the direction for releasing homestead usage rights.The operation environment provided economic,organizational,locational,and other practical support for the release of homestead usage rights.The institutional arrangement guided the operation subject and standardized the operation path by enhancing regulatory constraints.Driven by the desire to maximize their own interests,the operating subjects chose different paths to promote the interconnected operation of the operating mechanism among various subjects.The operation path expanded the pathway to realize homestead usage rights.Therefore,to promote the release of homestead usage rights,the government should consider local conditions,strengthen top-level design,and refine homestead usage rights.