2008—2023年泉州市甲型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis A in Quanzhou from 2008 to 2023

目的:了解2008—2023年泉州市甲型病毒性肝炎发病情况,为相关部门制定甲型病毒性肝炎防控策略提供参考依据。方法:在中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统中,选取地址为泉州市,时间为2008年1月1日—2023年12月31日的报告病例,对病例资料进行流行病学分析。结果:2008—2023年泉州市累计报告甲型病毒性肝炎病例2047例,发病率为1.52/10万。发病率居前3位的地区为南安市、泉州经济开发区、晋江市,发病率分别为2.35/10万、2.26/10万、2.09/10万;沿海、山区发病率分别为1.33/10万、1.81/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=49.54,P<0.01);男性发病高于女性(χ2=136.73,P<0.01);报告病例主要集中在20~59岁年龄段人群,职业以农民、工人、家政和待业人员为主。结论:2008—2023年泉州市甲型病毒性肝炎发病率总体呈较为平稳状态,但是甲型病毒性肝炎仍然是泉州市要重点防控的传染病。相关部门应通过多种方式开展宣传,提高人群甲型病毒性肝炎防护意识,使人群养成良好的卫生习惯;做好甲型病毒性肝炎的疫情监测工作,规范医疗机构甲型病毒性肝炎病例的诊断和报告,发现疫情后要及时、规范调查和处置;针对农民、工人、食品从业人员等重点人群开展防护知识宣传和甲型病毒性肝炎疫苗接种工作;开展甲型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学抗体水平监测,根据监测结果科学调整甲型病毒性肝炎的防控策略。

OBJECTIVE To understand the incidence of hepatitis A in Quanzhou and provide data support for the preparation of prevention and control measures.METHODS Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of hepatitis A in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System,select reported cases with Quanzhou as the location and illness onset between January 1st,2008,and December 31st,2023.RESULTS A total of 2047 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Quanzhou from 2008 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 1.52 per 105 population.The top three regions with the highest incidence rates are Nan’an City,Quanzhou Economic Development Zone,and Jinjiang City,with incidence rates of 2.35/105,2.26/105,and 2.09/105,respectively.The average incidence rates reported in coastal and mountainous areas are 1.33/105 and 1.81/105,respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ2=49.54,P<0.01).The ratio of incidence rates between males and females,males had a higher incidence rate than females(χ2=136.73,P<0.01).The majority of reported cases are mainly in the 20~59 age group,with the dominance of farmers,workers,housekeepers,and unemployed individuals.CONCLUSION From 2008 to 2023,the incidence of viral hepatitis A in Quanzhou is relatively stable,but viral hepatitis A is still the focus of prevention and control of infectious diseases in Quanzhou.The relevant departments carry out publicity through various ways to raise the awareness of the protection of viral hepatitis A and make the population form good health habits.Do a good job in monitoring the epidemic situation of viral hepatitis A,standardize the diagnosis and reporting of viral hepatitis A cases in medical institutions,and promptly investigate and handle the epidemic situation in a standardized manner.Protection of key groups,targeting farmers,workers,food practitioners and other key groups to carry out targeted protection knowledge and vaccination of viral hepatitis A.The serum epidemiological antibody level of hepatitis A was monitored,and the prevention and control strategy of hepatitis A was scientifically adjusted according to the results of monitoring and analysis.