5种杀虫剂对稻飞虱的田间防效和抗氧化酶的影响

The field efficacy of five insecticides against rice planthoppers and their impact on antioxidant enzymes

为明确吡蚜酮、三氟苯嘧啶、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺等5种常用药剂对稻飞虱[主要是褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens Stål)和白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera Horváth)]的防治效果,于2023年8月在湖南省湘潭县杨嘉桥镇华东村水稻田开展5种药剂对飞虱的防效并评价了药剂胁迫下飞虱体内抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,在5种供试杀虫剂中,以三氟苯嘧啶对稻飞虱的防效最好且持效性最长,3~14 d的防效均在95%以上,而氟啶虫酰胺的防效(仅为49.71%)和速效性最差,吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺等3种药剂对稻飞虱的防治效果基本相同,3 d防效在60%左右。5种供试杀虫剂对蜘蛛类和黑肩绿盲蝽数量均无明显影响,喷药后14 d内其种群数量基本较稳定。供试药剂的施用主要激活了褐飞虱体内CAT和SOD活性,但对POD活性影响较小。建议防治稻飞虱时首选三氟苯嘧啶,并与其他杀虫剂轮用以延缓稻飞虱抗药性产生。

To determine the control effects of five commonly used pesticides—pymetrozine,triflumezopyrim,nitenpyram,dinotefuran and flonicamid—on rice planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens Stål and Sogatella furcifera Horváth),an experiment was conducted in the paddy fields of Huadong Village,Yangjiaqiao Town,Xiangtan County,Hunan Province,in August 2023.The efficacy of the five pesticides against planthoppers and the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes within the planthoppers under pesticide stress were evaluated.The results showed that among the five tested insecticides,triflumezopyrim had the best and most enduring control effect on rice planthoppers,with efficacy above 95%from 3 to 14 days.In contrast,flonicamid had the poorest efficacy(only 49.71%)and the slowest initial effect.Pymetrozine,nitenpyram,and dinotefuran showed similar control effects on rice planthoppers,with an efficacy of about 60%at 3 days.The five tested insecticides had no significant impact on the number of spiders and C.lividipennis,and their population numbers remained relatively stable within 14 days after application.The application of the tested insecticides mainly activated the activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in brown planthoppers,but had little effect on the activity of peroxidase(POD).It is recommended that triflumezopyrim be the first choice for the control of rice planthoppers and that it should be rotated with other insecticides to delay the development of resistance in rice planthoppers.