鼠李科植物枣多糖的活性机制及其结构特征研究进展

Research progress on active mechanism and structure feature of polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube in Rhamnaceae plants

鼠李科枣属植物包含原变种枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.jujuba)、无刺枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.inermis)、酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)等许多品种,而其中大枣在全国各地有最丰富的栽培变种,如哈密大枣、黄河滩枣等。枣属植物品种丰富且药食两用,多糖作为枣的主要活性成分之一,是其发挥功效的重要药效物质基础。枣多糖已被发现具有促造血、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、修复肝损伤、免疫调节、抗炎等多种药理活性。本文通过对不同品种和不同产地来源的枣类多糖文献进行全面归纳分析,综述了枣多糖发挥生物活性的潜在作用机制,汇总了枣多糖相对分子质量、单糖组成、糖残基连接方式等一级结构特征,并对枣多糖硫酸化、磷酸化、羧甲基化、硒化、乙酰化的取代基修饰进行总结,以期为枣类在多糖创新药物、功能食品等领域的研究与开发利用提供参考。

The genus jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)within the Rhamnaceae family encompasses numerous varieties,such as Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.jujuba,Ziziphus jujuba var.inermis,and var.spinosa,etc.Among these,the jujube fructus has the most abundant cultivated variants across the country,including Ziziphus jujuba cv.Hamidazao and Ziziphus jujuba cv.Huanghetanzao.Jujube plants are rich in variety and are used for both medicinal and food purposes.Polysaccharides,one of the main active ingredients of jujube,are important medicinal components that contribute to its efficacy.Jujube polysaccharides have been found to promote hematopoiesis,exhibit antioxidant and anti-tumor activities,repair liver damage,regulate the immune system,and provide anti-inflammatory effects.By comprehensively summarizing and analyzing the literature on jujube polysaccharides from different varieties and origins,this paper reviews the potential mechanisms of action of jujube polysaccharides in exerting biological activities.It also summarizes the primary structural features,such as relative molecular mass,monosaccharide composition,glycosidic linkage,and the substituent modifications of jujube polysaccharides by sulfation,phosphorylation,carboxymethylation,selenization,and acetylation.This review aims to provide a reference for the research and development of jujube in the fields of innovative polysaccharide drugs and functional foods.