美国国防人工智能战略的主题挖掘与演化特征分析

Thematic Analysis and Evolution Process of US Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy

面对美国国防部启动的一系列人工智能(AI)战略举措,识别美国国防AI战略主题和演化特征,认清美国国防AI战略的实质意图,能为我国国防AI战略规划提供参考。本文选取2018—2022年美国国防部正式发布的AI战略文本作为研究样本,采用非结构化文本挖掘工具,通过提炼高频词汇,挖掘出美国国防AI战略主题。同时,绘制主题词共现网络图谱,由点及面观察美国国防AI主题演变特征。研究表明,美国国防部的AI发展战略可分为战略主体、技术创新、伦理安全、战略资源、多元合作五大主题。在演化进程中,战略主体方面,形成了以AI联合中心为核心主体,联合多部门共建AI的国家防御体系。技术创新方面,从各军种自建AI作战系统演化为建立陆、海、空一体化的作战指挥控制网络。战略资源方面,数据是关键资产、人才是关键要素、资金是关键助力。伦理安全方面,从“AI伦理准则”到“负责任的人工智能(RAI)”的背后是从“体现民主价值观”到“为美国军事霸权扫清舆论障碍”。多元合作方面,对内,美国公私主体共建AI技术生态系统;对外,国防部与盟友伙伴国家联合共建全球RAI生态体系。

In the face of a series of AI strategic initiatives initiated by the US Department of Defense,identifying the themes and evolutionary characteristics of the US defense AI strategy based on the perspective of text mining can provide a more objective understanding of the substantive intent of the US defense AI strategy and provide a reference for China’s defense AI strategic planning.Firstly,the theme of US defense AI strategy(2018-2022)through high-frequency by unstructured Text mining tools.Secondly,the evolution characteristics of the US defense AI strategy were observed,by drawing a cooccurrence network graph of the theme words in the US defense artificial intelligence strategy text.Finally,suggestions are proposed for Chinese national defense AI strategic planning based on this.The development of artificial intelligence strategy by the US Department of Defense can be divided into five major themes:strategic entities,technological innovation,ethical security,strategic resources,and diversified cooperation.In the evolution process,the US national defense AI system was built by JAIC as the core sector with multiple departments,from terms of strategic entities.In terms of technological innovation,it has evolved from self-built artificial intelligence combat systems to establishing an integrated land,sea and air command and control network.Regarding strategic resources,data is a key asset,talent is a key element,and funding is a key assistance.In terms of ethical security,behind the transition from“AI ethical standards”to“responsible AI”is the transition from“reflecting democratic values”to“clearing public opinion barriers for US military hegemony”.In terms of diversified cooperation,domestically,the public and private sectors built the AI technology ecosystem in the United States.Externally,the global RAI ecosystem was built by the US and allied partner countries.