AI赋能科学研究的基本特征及政策与管理趋势研究

Characteristics of AI Empowering Scientific Research and Study on Trends in Policy and Management

近年来,人工智能(AI)对科学研究的传统范式带来冲击,并产生了诸多现有范式难以企及的耀眼成果。推动AI在科学研究中应用是当前科技管理的重要课题。本文从两个维度分析AI赋能科学研究的基本特征,从科研范式维度发现AI提高数据利用效率赋能经验范式、AI增强理论模型构建赋能理论范式、AI更好地拟合复杂系统参数赋能模拟范式、AI具有海量数据的处理能力赋能数据驱动范式;从科学研究过程维度发现,AI对科学研究各个环节都进行赋能,并且每个环节因AI能力进步而自身在迭代与进步。在此基础上,本文进一步总结国际上推动智能化科研(AI4S)发展的政策与管理趋势,以及中国在AI4S发展方面所面临的挑战。最后给出对我国的启示:中国需要加强AI4S相关的战略研究和宏观规划、加大政策和资金支持、推动AI4S领域的国际交流与合作,以期为中国AI4S的有序发展提供研究支撑。

In recent years,AI has impacted the traditional scientific research paradigm and produced dazzling achievements that the existing paradigms could not reach.Promoting the application of AI in scientific research is an important topic in current science and technology management.This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of AI empowerment in scientific research from two dimensions.From the dimension of the research paradigm,it is found that AI improves the efficiency of data utilization,empowering the empirical paradigm;AI enhances the construction of theoretical models,empowering the theoretical paradigm;AI better fits the parameters of complex systems,empowering the simulation paradigm;and AI has the capability to process massive data,empowering the data-driven paradigm.From the dimension of the scientific research process,it is discovered that AI empowers every link of scientific research and each link iterates and progresses due to the advancement of AI capabilities.Based on this,the paper further summarizes the international trends in policies and management to promote the development of AI4S,the challenges faced by China in the development of AI4S,and provides insights for our country.China needs to strengthen strategic research and macro-planning related to AI4S,increase policy and financial support,promote international exchange and cooperation in the AI4S field,and provide research support for the orderly development of AI4S in China.