贵阳市人猴冲突及其时空分布

Spatiotemporal distribution of human-monkey conflict in Guiyang

人类与野生动物的冲突正成为保护生物学关注的重点问题之一,人兽冲突增加人畜共患病相互传播的风险,带来一系列严重的安全问题。本文统计了2014—2022年发生在贵阳市的2000起人猴(猕猴Macaca mulatta)冲突事件,并用全事件记录法对黔灵山公园猕猴抢劫行为进行观察。结果表明:贵阳市人猴冲突的主要形式是猕猴进入社区抢劫(偷盗)居民的食物。在83%的入户抢劫事件中,猕猴多以3~10只为一群(15%为1只猕猴,2%为2只猕猴)。入户抢劫雄性猕猴占60%,携婴雌性占10%,无法区分或者统计性别占30%。人猴冲突主要发生在以黔灵山公园为中心10 km的范围内(0.065~23.5 km),呈扩散型向周围递减;抢劫事件数量与距黔灵山公园的距离呈负相关性(−0.17,R^(2)=0.117)。抢劫事件发生时间集中在09:00—12:00和15:00—17:00。2014—2022年,人猴冲突整体呈上升趋势,冲突主要集中在每年的1月,其他月份比较分散。由于人为投食和缺少天敌,黔灵山公园猕猴种群增长过快,导致其扩散到城市周围进行入户抢劫。本研究揭示了贵阳猕猴抢劫的时空动态,为城市区域的人兽冲突提供科学参考。

With the intensification of human activities,conflicts between humans and wildlife,especially those protected animals,are becoming one of the major concerns of conservation biology.Non-human primates are highly genetically like human.Non-human primates are highly genetically like humans and are prone to zoonotic diseases.Conflicts with humans can pose a series of serious safety issues.Based on this,we counted 2000 human–monkey(macaque:Macaca mulatta)conflicts happened in Guiyang from 2014 to 2022.We found that(1)in all incidents,83%are a group of 3–10 macaques(15%and 2%are one and two individuals,respectively),60%are male,10%are female bringing infant,and the remaining 30%could not distinguish between genders;and(2)human–macaque conflict mainly happened within a 10 km radius(0.065–23.5 km)centered around Qianlingshan Park,gradually decreasing towards the surrounding area in a diffusion pattern,and negatively with the distance to Qianlingshan Park(−0.17,R^(2)=0.117).From 2014 to 2022,the overall trend of conflicts has raised,and mainly concentrated in January each year and scattered in other months.Because of the lack of natural enemy and feeding of humans,the population of Macaque in Qianlingshan Park grows rapidly,leading to diffusion to city around and robbery.This study revealed spatiotemporal distribution of human–monkey conflicts,which has a guiding meaning for alleviating conflicts between humans and monkeys.