地铁颗粒物分布情况及防治措施

Distribution of Particulate Matter in Subways and Prevention and Control Measures

为了研究地铁车站PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)以及总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulates,TSP)产生源及其分布规律,首先针对某市2条地铁线路共11座车站进行颗粒物浓度检测,测试区域包括室外、车站公共区、设备管理用房区和站台端门内走廊,测试各区域PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、TSP颗粒物浓度并对室外和站台颗粒物进行元素分析,然后分别对各区域PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、TSP颗粒物在室外不同浓度水平情况下分布情况进行分析,最后基于检测结果给出地铁颗粒物防治措施的相关建议。研究结果表明:站内颗粒物成分组成中的铁元素较室外大幅增加,地铁站内含铁颗粒物多呈现片状不规则形,与室外不同,说明颗粒物产生原因为轮轨摩擦;在室外颗粒物浓度水平较低时,各粒径颗粒物分布情况相近,整体呈现隧道内颗粒物浓度>站内>室外的情况;当室外颗粒物浓度水平较高时,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)整体呈现隧道内颗粒物浓度>室外>站内的情况,而无论室外颗粒物浓度高或低,公共区和车厢TSP浓度均呈现高于室外的情况。

To investigate the sources and distribution patterns of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and total suspended particulates(TSP)in subway stations,this study conducted particulate matter concentration tests at 11 stations along two subway lines in a city.The test areas included outdoor locations,station public areas,equipment management rooms,and corridors inside the platform end doors.The concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and TSP in each area were measured,and elemental analysis of the outdoor and platform particulates was performed.Subsequently,the distribution patterns of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and TSP in various areas at different outdoor concentrations were analyzed.Based on the test results,suggestions for subway particulate matter prevention and control measures were proposed.The research revealed a significant increase in iron content in particulate matter within stations compared to outdoor areas.Particulate matter containing iron in subway stations often exhibits irregular sheet-like shapes,differing from those found outdoors,indicating that rail-wheel friction is the source of these particulates.When outdoor particulate matter concentration levels were low,the distribution patterns of particles of various sizes were similar,generally exhibiting higher concentrations in the tunnels than in the stations and outdoors.However,when outdoor particulate matter concentration levels were high,PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations were higher in tunnels than in outdoor areas and stations.Regardless of outdoor particulate matter concentration,TSP concentrations in public areas and carriages were consistently higher than outdoors.These findings provide valuable insights for developing effective particulate matter prevention and control measures in subway systems.