企业科技创新主体地位的来源:一项结构性权力视角的实证

Sources of the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation:An empirical study from the perspective of structural power

强化企业科技创新主体地位是国家创新体系领域的重要议题。既有研究侧重对企业“技术创新”主体地位的内涵界定和现状评估,缺乏对企业科技创新主体地位强化机制的理论化研究。文章在厘清企业科技创新主体地位与企业技术创新主体地位区别的基础上,从结构性权力视角探究企业科技创新主体地位的强化机制及其边界条件,并选取2012—2020年间曾获国家科学技术进步奖的183家上市企业为样本进行实证。研究发现:(1)强化企业科技创新主体地位意味着企业不仅要在技术创新、成果转化、产业化等方面继续保持主体地位,还应在基础性、前沿性科学研究中保持主体地位。(2)企业科技创新主体地位依赖于企业的结构性权力,而企业结构性权力来源于企业的层级权威、资源掌控和网络中心性。单一权力源泉有助于强化企业科技创新主体地位,且三重权力源泉之间存在两两互补效应。(3)企业科技创新主体地位的强化存在边界条件。政府科技经费支持力度能够强化企业网络中心性对企业科技创新主体地位的正向影响,但是会部分抵消企业层级权威、资源掌控对企业科技创新主体地位的正向影响。文章深化了企业创新主体地位研究,同时为政府部门制定强化企业科技创新地位相关政策提供了方向性指引。

Strengthening the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation has become an important issue in the field of national innovation system.Existing studies focus on defining the connotation and evaluating the current status of enterprises′principal role in technology innovation,but lack theoretical research on the strengthening mechanism of their principal role in S&T innovation.On the basis of clarifying the difference between enterprises′principal role in technology innovation and enterprises′principal role in science,technology and innovation,this paper explored the strengthening mechanism and boundary conditions of enterprises′principal role in S&T innovation from the perspective of structural power,and selected 183 listed companies that have won the National S&T Progress Award from 2012 to 2020 as samples for an empirical analysis.The study concluded that:Firstly,strengthening the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation means that enterprises should not only maintain the principal role in technological innovation,achievement transformation,industrialization and other aspects,but also maintain the principal role in basic and cutting-edge scientific research.Secondly,the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation depends on their structural power,which comes from the hierarchical authority,resource control and network centrality of enterprises.Every single source of structural power can help to strengthen the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation,and there is a two-by-two complementary effect between these three sources of structural power.Thirdly,there are boundary conditions for strengthening enterprise′principal role in S&T innovation.The government′s S&T funding support can strengthen the positive influence of enterprise′network centrality on their principal role in S&T innovation,but it will partially offset the positive influence of enterprises′hierarchical authority and resource control on their principal role in S&T innovation.This paper will enrich the research on enterprises′principal role in S&T innovation,and provide directional guidance for government departments to formulate policies related to strengthening the principal role of enterprises in S&T innovation.