住有所居:中国城市住房保障模式的价值目标

Housing for all People:the Value Goal of China's Urban Housing Security Model

住房问题是重要的民生问题,新中国成立以来,党和政府始终致力于促进全体人民“住有所居”的目标早日实现。伴随城市住房制度的改革与深化,城市住房保障模式经历了“物品化‘计划普惠型’——商品化‘市场特惠型’——民生化‘市场特惠型’”的进化转化,也形成了以经济适用房为主的多层次供应体系,显著提高了城市住房生产效率、改善了城市居民住房水平。但由于基础性住房制度不完善以及住房保障机制不健全,使城市居民住房保障实践出现了保障性住房供给不足与难以退出、商品房价格过快过高增长等困境,使部分中低收入家庭与“住有所居”的目标尚有一些差距,影响社会和谐与稳定。这就需要基于“住有所居”目标,变革式构建城市基本住房保障模式,完善基础性住房制度,健全城市住房保障机制,促进城市住房市场长期健康稳定发展。

Housing is an important livelihood issue,and since the founding of the people's republic of china,Communist Party of China and the government have been committed to promoting the early realization of the goal of“housing for all people.”Along with the reform and deepening of the urban housing system,the mode of urban housing security has experienced the evolutionary transformation from earlier itemization era with“plan inclusive”type,then to commercialization era with“market preferential”type,and currently people's livelihood era with“plan preferential”type,and has also formed a multi-level supply system based on affordable housing,which has significantly improved the production efficiency of urban housing and improved the housing level of urban residents.However,due to the imperfect basic housing system and the imperfect housing security mechanism,the practice of urban residents'housing security has encountered with insufficient supply of affordable housing and difficulty of withdrawing from it,as well as the overly rapid and high growth in the price of commercial housing and other predicaments,which has left some gaps between the housing problems of some low-and middle-income families and the goal of“having a place to live in”for the whole people,thus affecting social harmony and stability.It needs to be based on the goal of“housing for all people”,to construct the urban basic housing security model,improve the basic housing system and urban housing security mechanism,and promote the longterm healthy and stable development of urban housing market.