玉米醇溶蛋白基载体在药物递送方面的研究进展

Research progress of Zein-based carrier in drug delivery

基于各种纳米载体的药物递送系统(DDS)是现代药剂学中新制剂和新剂型研究的主要方向。相较于传统的药物制剂,DDS制剂往往能够比常规制剂更好地发挥药物特性,且对病变部位具有靶向性。载体材料作为DDS的重要组成部分,其选择和针对性修饰改性对于DDS的发展极为重要。玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)是玉米中的重要蛋白质,具有可再生、无毒、两亲性及良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性等特点,可通过自组装形成微球或纳米粒。然而,单纯的Zein载体材料往往存在稳定性差、易结合血清蛋白和被网状内皮系统截获等缺点,因此需要通过修饰改性或与其他材料复合等方式进行一定改进。同时,Zein-DDS的精准构建也是获取所需粒子结构和确保产品最终性能的保障。目前,内置超声透析工艺、超临界反溶剂法和喷雾/反溶剂沉淀法是构建DDS载药系统的主要制备工艺。本文对Zein的改性修饰和相关制备工艺的研究进展作一综述,为Zein-DDS由最初的前体药、缓释剂,逐步发展为速控型、靶向型和可视化输送等精准化剂型提供研究依据。

The drug delivery systems(DDS)based on various nanocarriers are the main directions of research on new formulations and new dosage forms in modern pharmacy.Compared with traditional pharmaceutical preparations,DDS preparations tend to exert drug properties better than conventional preparations and are targeted to the lesion site.As an important part of DDS,the selection and modification of carrier materials is important to development DDS.Zein is an important protein in corn.It is renewable,non-toxic,amphiphilic,biocompatible and biodegradable,and can be self-assembled to form microspheres or nanoparticles.However,pure Zein carrier materials often have defects such as poor stability,easy binding to serum proteins and being intercepted by reticuloendothelial system,therefore,it is necessary to make certain improvements by modification or compounding with other materials.At the same time,the precise construction of Zein-DDS is also the guarantee to obtain the required particle structure and ensure the final performance of the product.At present,built-in ultrasonic dialysis process,supercritical antisolvent method and spray/antisolvent precipitation method are the main preparation processes for constructing DDS.In this paper,the research progress of Zein's modification and related preparation processes is reviewed,which provides a research basis for the gradual development of Zein-DDS from precursor drugs and sustained-release agents to precision dosage forms such as speed controlled,targeted,and visualized delivery.