欧盟贸易政策“武器化”的逻辑解构与法律回应——以《反经济胁迫条例》为例

The Logical Deconstruction and Legal Response to the“Weaponization”of EU Trade Policy-with the Anti-Coercion Instrument as an Example

贸易政策“武器化”是地缘政治经济转型背景下,欧盟基于以规则为基础的国际秩序观实施的单边主义战略。《反经济胁迫条例》的出台再次印证了其贸易政策“武器化”实质,政策工具多元化、相互依赖制度化、规则攻防并重化的动态特征也引发了国际社会的广泛争议及对贸易系统性风险的隐忧。对逻辑进路的解析表明,其发挥作用缘于单边法律规范、结构性权力与国家利益博弈的结合,对目标国产生威慑、阻断与要求赔偿的预期效果。从合法属性来看,其有违一般国际法原则与WTO规则。为进一步加强涉外法治建设,中国应当捍卫以国际法为基础的国际秩序,完善国内反制裁法律体系、强化国际合作,充分利用并推动健全WTO争端解决与贸易政策审议机制。

The"weaponization"of trade policy is a unilateralist strategy of the EU premised on the rule-based international order in the context of geopolitical and geoeconomic transformation.The introduction of the so-called Anti-Coercion Instrument by the EU has once again confirmed the essence of its“weaponization”of trade policy.The dynamic features of diversification of policy tools,institutionalization of interdependence,and the parallel emphasis on rules of attack and defense have triggered widespread controversy in the international community and concerns about systemic risks in trade.Deconstructing the logical progression,we can find that its role depends on a combination of unilateral legal norms,structural power and national interest games,which could produce the expected effects of deterrence,counteraction and a requirement to the target country for compensation.In terms of legitimacy,it violates the principles of general international law and WTO rules.In the context of enhancing the construction of overseas-related rule of law,China should defend the international law-based international order,improve the domestic anti-sanctions legal system,and make full use of and promote the soundness of the WTO's dispute settlement and trade policy review mechanism.