《诗经》中的水上运动记述与当代体育借鉴

The Description of Water Sports in The Book of Songs and the Reference for Contemporary Sports

《诗经》记录了从西周初年至春秋中叶500余年间的作品,是中华民族形成以前的为数不多的文献之一。整部《诗经》约三分之一内容均与水有关,其中包含了很多与水相关的活动,最早关于游泳的记载就出现在《诗经》中。《诗经》中所见水上活动主要源于生产生活和出游的需要,主要方式有徒涉、腰舟渡、游泳、潜水、乘筏、泛舟等,基本特征表现为:“勇”是早期水上活动的重要精神,与同时期陆上体育活动相比水上活动发展较慢,但初步具备了追求身心健康的功能。《诗经》中所记述的很多水上活动对当代体育具有重要借鉴意义,徒步渡河、扎筏泅渡、抢滩登陆拓展训练和龙舟竞渡等当代水上运动都是对《诗经》中水上活动开拓精神的继承和发扬。

The Book of Songs records works from the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle term of Spring and Autumn Period,which was one of the few documents before the formation of the Chinese nation.About one-third content of the book are all related to water among which includes many water-related activities,and the earliest record about swimming appears in The Book of Songs.Water activities written in The Book of Songs are mainly derived from the needs of production activities and travel,such as wading across a river,crossing the river with the help of bottle gourd,swimming,diving,taking a raft,boating and so on.The basic features of them shows that“bravery”was an important spirit of early water activities,and compared to land sports activities at the same time,water activities developed slower,but it initially has the function of pursuing physical and mental health.Many water activities recorded in The Book of Songs are of great significance to contemporary sports,for example,river crossing on foot,river crossing by making the boat with the on-site materials,beach landing training and dragon boat racing are the inheritance and development of the pioneering spirit of water activities in The Book of Songs.