回溯与重构:传统中国教育惩戒行为的历史考察

Retrospection and Reconstruction:a Historical Examination of Disciplinary Behavior in Traditional Chinese Education

教育惩戒作为保障教育教学活动正常运行的一种教育管理手段,自古以来都具有重要的教育地位,因此学校教育惩戒的规则往往内隐于相关教育规定和法令之中。古代惩戒教育从西周的“以恶制恶”到唐宋的“惩戒趋于教育”,再到明清的“惩戒与教育合一”,形成了成套的教育惩戒体系。古代教育惩戒的内容具有较强的政治色彩,学校教育惩戒的性质实现了从“教师本位”到“家校合作”的转变,不断强化了教师权威。其中,古代在完善教育惩戒规范、加强家校合作、强化教师权威等方面可为我国当代构建教育惩戒制度提供新思路。

Educational punishment,as a means of educational management to ensure the normal operation of educational and teaching activities,has played an important role in education since ancient times.Although the rulers of ancient China failed to formulate specific codes or laws for educational punishment,the rules of school educational punishment are implicit in the relevant educational regula-tions and laws.Ancient disciplinary education began to form from a natural education of“using evil to control evil”in the Western Zhou Dynasty,developed into a disciplinary education of“punishment tends to education”in the Tang and Song dynasties,and gradually established a strict system of“pun-ishment and education integration”in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The content of its disciplinary rules has a strong political color,and the nature of school education disciplinary power has undergone a trans-formation from“teacher-centered”to“family-school cooperation”,continuously strengthening the au-thority of teachers.Among them,what was done in ancient times could provide new ideas for China’s construction of an educational disciplinary system by improving educational disciplinary norms,strengthening family-school cooperation,and consolidating teacher authority.